The automation solutions market is segmented into supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), programmable logic controller (PLC), distributed control system (DCS) and manufacturing execution systems (MES).
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Automation Solutions, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Automation Solutions. This report contains market size and forecasts of Automation Solutions in global, including the following market information:
Global Automation Solutions Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 20242035, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Automation Solutions market was valued at US$ 14230 million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ 16930 million by 2029, at a CAGR of 2.5% during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Automation Solutions include Koyo, IDEC, Honeywell, Hitachi, General Electric, FANUC, Emerson Electric, ABB and Yokogawa Electric, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Automation Solutions companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Automation Solutions Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 20242035 ($ millions)
Global Automation Solutions Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
istributed Control System (DCS)
Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)
Global Automation Solutions Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 20242035 ($ millions)
Global Automation Solutions Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Pharmaceutical
Oil and Gas
Food and Beverage
Chemical
Automotive
Global Automation Solutions Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 20242035 ($ Millions)
Global Automation Solutions Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Automation Solutions revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Automation Solutions revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Koyo
IDEC
Honeywell
Hitachi
General Electric
FANUC
Emerson Electric
ABB
Yokogawa Electric
Siemens
Schneider Electric
Parsec Automation
Omron Corporation
Mitsubishi
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Automation Solutions, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Automation Solutions market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Automation Solutions company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Automation Solutions in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Automation Solutions Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Automation Solutions Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Automation Solutions Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Automation Solutions Market Size: 2022 VS 2035
2.2 Global Automation Solutions Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2035
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Automation Solutions Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Automation Solutions Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Automation Solutions Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Automation Solutions Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Automation Solutions Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automation Solutions Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Automation Solutions Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automation Solutions Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Automation Solutions Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2035
4.1.2 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
4.1.3 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
4.1.4 istributed Control System (DCS)
4.1.5 Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)
4.2 By Type - Global Automation Solutions Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Automation Solutions Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Automation Solutions Revenue, 2024-2035
4.2.3 By Type - Global Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Automation Solutions Market Size, 2022 & 2035
5.1.2 Pharmaceutical
5.1.3 Oil and Gas
5.1.4 Food and Beverage
5.1.5 Chemical
5.1.6 Automotive
5.2 By Application - Global Automation Solutions Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Automation Solutions Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Automation Solutions Revenue, 2024-2035
5.2.3 By Application - Global Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Automation Solutions Market Size, 2022 & 2035
6.2 By Region - Global Automation Solutions Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Automation Solutions Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Automation Solutions Revenue, 2024-2035
6.2.3 By Region - Global Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Automation Solutions Revenue, 2018-2035
6.3.2 US Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.3.3 Canada Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.3.4 Mexico Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Automation Solutions Revenue, 2018-2035
6.4.2 Germany Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.3 France Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.4 U.K. Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.5 Italy Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.6 Russia Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.8 Benelux Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Automation Solutions Revenue, 2018-2035
6.5.2 China Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.3 Japan Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.4 South Korea Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.6 India Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Automation Solutions Revenue, 2018-2035
6.6.2 Brazil Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.6.3 Argentina Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Automation Solutions Revenue, 2018-2035
6.7.2 Turkey Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7.3 Israel Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7.5 UAE Automation Solutions Market Size, 2018-2035
7 Automation Solutions Companies Profiles
7.1 Koyo
7.1.1 Koyo Company Summary
7.1.2 Koyo Business Overview
7.1.3 Koyo Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Koyo Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Koyo Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 IDEC
7.2.1 IDEC Company Summary
7.2.2 IDEC Business Overview
7.2.3 IDEC Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 IDEC Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 IDEC Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Honeywell
7.3.1 Honeywell Company Summary
7.3.2 Honeywell Business Overview
7.3.3 Honeywell Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Honeywell Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Honeywell Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Hitachi
7.4.1 Hitachi Company Summary
7.4.2 Hitachi Business Overview
7.4.3 Hitachi Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Hitachi Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Hitachi Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 General Electric
7.5.1 General Electric Company Summary
7.5.2 General Electric Business Overview
7.5.3 General Electric Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 General Electric Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 General Electric Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 FANUC
7.6.1 FANUC Company Summary
7.6.2 FANUC Business Overview
7.6.3 FANUC Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 FANUC Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 FANUC Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Emerson Electric
7.7.1 Emerson Electric Company Summary
7.7.2 Emerson Electric Business Overview
7.7.3 Emerson Electric Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Emerson Electric Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Emerson Electric Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 ABB
7.8.1 ABB Company Summary
7.8.2 ABB Business Overview
7.8.3 ABB Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 ABB Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 ABB Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Yokogawa Electric
7.9.1 Yokogawa Electric Company Summary
7.9.2 Yokogawa Electric Business Overview
7.9.3 Yokogawa Electric Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Yokogawa Electric Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Yokogawa Electric Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Siemens
7.10.1 Siemens Company Summary
7.10.2 Siemens Business Overview
7.10.3 Siemens Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Siemens Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Siemens Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Schneider Electric
7.11.1 Schneider Electric Company Summary
7.11.2 Schneider Electric Business Overview
7.11.3 Schneider Electric Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Schneider Electric Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Schneider Electric Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Parsec Automation
7.12.1 Parsec Automation Company Summary
7.12.2 Parsec Automation Business Overview
7.12.3 Parsec Automation Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Parsec Automation Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Parsec Automation Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Omron Corporation
7.13.1 Omron Corporation Company Summary
7.13.2 Omron Corporation Business Overview
7.13.3 Omron Corporation Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Omron Corporation Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Omron Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 Mitsubishi
7.14.1 Mitsubishi Company Summary
7.14.2 Mitsubishi Business Overview
7.14.3 Mitsubishi Automation Solutions Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 Mitsubishi Automation Solutions Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.14.5 Mitsubishi Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Automation Solutions Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Automation Solutions Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Automation Solutions Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Automation Solutions in Global Market
Table 5. Top Automation Solutions Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Automation Solutions Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Automation Solutions Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Automation Solutions Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Automation Solutions Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automation Solutions Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Table 12. By Type - Automation Solutions Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Automation Solutions Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 14. By Application ? Global Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Table 15. By Application - Automation Solutions Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Automation Solutions Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 17. By Region ? Global Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Table 18. By Region - Global Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 20. By Country - North America Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 22. By Country - Europe Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 24. By Region - Asia Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 26. By Country - South America Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 30. Koyo Company Summary
Table 31. Koyo Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 32. Koyo Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Koyo Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. IDEC Company Summary
Table 35. IDEC Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 36. IDEC Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. IDEC Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Honeywell Company Summary
Table 39. Honeywell Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 40. Honeywell Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Honeywell Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Hitachi Company Summary
Table 43. Hitachi Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 44. Hitachi Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Hitachi Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. General Electric Company Summary
Table 47. General Electric Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 48. General Electric Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. General Electric Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. FANUC Company Summary
Table 51. FANUC Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 52. FANUC Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. FANUC Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Emerson Electric Company Summary
Table 55. Emerson Electric Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 56. Emerson Electric Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. Emerson Electric Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. ABB Company Summary
Table 59. ABB Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 60. ABB Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. ABB Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Yokogawa Electric Company Summary
Table 63. Yokogawa Electric Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 64. Yokogawa Electric Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Yokogawa Electric Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Siemens Company Summary
Table 67. Siemens Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 68. Siemens Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Siemens Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Schneider Electric Company Summary
Table 71. Schneider Electric Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 72. Schneider Electric Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Schneider Electric Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Parsec Automation Company Summary
Table 75. Parsec Automation Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 76. Parsec Automation Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. Parsec Automation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Omron Corporation Company Summary
Table 79. Omron Corporation Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 80. Omron Corporation Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. Omron Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Mitsubishi Company Summary
Table 83. Mitsubishi Automation Solutions Product Offerings
Table 84. Mitsubishi Automation Solutions Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 85. Mitsubishi Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Automation Solutions Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Automation Solutions Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Automation Solutions Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Automation Solutions Market Size: 2022 VS 2035 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Automation Solutions Revenue, 2018-2035 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Automation Solutions Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 9. By Application - Global Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 10. By Type - Global Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Figure 11. By Type - Global Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 12. By Application - Global Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Figure 13. By Application - Global Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 14. By Region - Global Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 15. By Country - North America Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 16. US Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 17. Canada Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 18. Mexico Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 20. Germany Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 21. France Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 22. U.K. Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 23. Italy Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 24. Russia Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 26. Benelux Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 28. China Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 29. Japan Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 30. South Korea Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 32. India Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 33. By Country - South America Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 34. Brazil Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 35. Argentina Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automation Solutions Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 37. Turkey Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 38. Israel Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 40. UAE Automation Solutions Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 41. Koyo Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. IDEC Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Honeywell Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Hitachi Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. General Electric Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. FANUC Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Emerson Electric Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. ABB Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Yokogawa Electric Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Siemens Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Schneider Electric Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Parsec Automation Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Omron Corporation Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 54. Mitsubishi Automation Solutions Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
