A defogger can be categorized into the primary or secondary system. In a primary defogger system, the heat to clear the mist or ice formation is generated from the vehicle's engine coolant through the heater core. Fresh air passes through the heater core and is then distributed over the interior surface of the windshield with the help of a blower.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Automotive Defogger System, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Automotive Defogger System. This report contains market size and forecasts of Automotive Defogger System in global, including the following market information:
Global Automotive Defogger System Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2032, ($ millions)
Global Automotive Defogger System Market Sales, 2018-2023, 2024-2032, (K Units)
Global top five Automotive Defogger System companies in 2022 (%)
The global Automotive Defogger System market was valued at US$ 7 million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ 8 million by 2029, at a CAGR of 3.4% during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
This air dehumidifies the surrounding by passing through the vehicle's operating heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC), which assists is effective and fast defogging mechanism. The dried air has a higher capacity to absorb water content, making the mechanism more effective.
MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Automotive Defogger System manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Automotive Defogger System Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ Millions) & (K Units)
Global Automotive Defogger System Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Front Automotive Defogger System
Rear Automotive Defogger System
Side Glass Defogger System
Global Automotive Defogger System Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ Millions) & (K Units)
Global Automotive Defogger System Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Passenger Car
Light Commercial Vehicle
Heavy Commercial Vehicle
Global Automotive Defogger System Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ Millions) & (K Units)
Global Automotive Defogger System Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Automotive Defogger System revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Automotive Defogger System revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Key companies Automotive Defogger System sales in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), (K Units)
Key companies Automotive Defogger System sales share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Delphi
DENSO
NXP Semiconductors
Dupont
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Automotive Defogger System, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Automotive Defogger System market size in revenue and volume.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Automotive Defogger System manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Automotive Defogger System in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Global Automotive Defogger System capacity by region & country.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Automotive Defogger System Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Automotive Defogger System Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Automotive Defogger System Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Automotive Defogger System Market Size: 2022 VS 2032
2.2 Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2032
2.3 Global Automotive Defogger System Sales: 2018-2032
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Automotive Defogger System Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Automotive Defogger System Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Automotive Defogger System Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Automotive Defogger System Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Automotive Defogger System Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Automotive Defogger System Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Defogger System Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Automotive Defogger System Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Defogger System Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2032
4.1.2 Front Automotive Defogger System
4.1.3 Rear Automotive Defogger System
4.1.4 Side Glass Defogger System
4.2 By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2024-2032
4.2.3 By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
4.3 By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales, 2024-2032
4.3.3 By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
4.4 By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2022 & 2032
5.1.2 Passenger Car
5.1.3 Light Commercial Vehicle
5.1.4 Heavy Commercial Vehicle
5.2 By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2024-2032
5.2.3 By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
5.3 By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales, 2024-2032
5.3.3 By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
5.4 By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2022 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2024-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6.3 By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales, 2024-2032
6.3.3 By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2018-2032
6.4.2 By Country - North America Automotive Defogger System Sales, 2018-2032
6.4.3 US Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.4 Canada Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.5 Mexico Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2018-2032
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Automotive Defogger System Sales, 2018-2032
6.5.3 Germany Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.4 France Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.5 U.K. Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.6 Italy Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.7 Russia Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.9 Benelux Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2018-2032
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Automotive Defogger System Sales, 2018-2032
6.6.3 China Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.4 Japan Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.5 South Korea Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.7 India Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2018-2032
6.7.2 By Country - South America Automotive Defogger System Sales, 2018-2032
6.7.3 Brazil Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.4 Argentina Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2018-2032
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Defogger System Sales, 2018-2032
6.8.3 Turkey Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8.4 Israel Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8.6 UAE Automotive Defogger System Market Size, 2018-2032
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Delphi
7.1.1 Delphi Company Summary
7.1.2 Delphi Business Overview
7.1.3 Delphi Automotive Defogger System Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Delphi Automotive Defogger System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Delphi Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 DENSO
7.2.1 DENSO Company Summary
7.2.2 DENSO Business Overview
7.2.3 DENSO Automotive Defogger System Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 DENSO Automotive Defogger System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 DENSO Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 NXP Semiconductors
7.3.1 NXP Semiconductors Company Summary
7.3.2 NXP Semiconductors Business Overview
7.3.3 NXP Semiconductors Automotive Defogger System Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 NXP Semiconductors Automotive Defogger System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 NXP Semiconductors Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Dupont
7.4.1 Dupont Company Summary
7.4.2 Dupont Business Overview
7.4.3 Dupont Automotive Defogger System Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Dupont Automotive Defogger System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Dupont Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Automotive Defogger System Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Automotive Defogger System Production Capacity, 2018-2032
8.2 Automotive Defogger System Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Automotive Defogger System Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Automotive Defogger System Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Automotive Defogger System Industry Value Chain
10.2 Automotive Defogger System Upstream Market
10.3 Automotive Defogger System Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Automotive Defogger System Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Automotive Defogger System in Global Market
Table 2. Top Automotive Defogger System Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Automotive Defogger System Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Automotive Defogger System Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Automotive Defogger System Price (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Automotive Defogger System Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Automotive Defogger System Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Defogger System Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 12. By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 14. By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 16. By Application ? Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 17. By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 19. By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 21. By Region ? Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2032
Table 22. By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 24. By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 26. By Country - North America Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 28. By Country - North America Automotive Defogger System Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Automotive Defogger System Sales, (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 30. By Country - Europe Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 32. By Country - Europe Automotive Defogger System Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Automotive Defogger System Sales, (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 34. By Region - Asia Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 36. By Region - Asia Automotive Defogger System Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Automotive Defogger System Sales, (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 38. By Country - South America Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 40. By Country - South America Automotive Defogger System Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Automotive Defogger System Sales, (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Defogger System Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Defogger System Sales, (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 46. Delphi Company Summary
Table 47. Delphi Automotive Defogger System Product Offerings
Table 48. Delphi Automotive Defogger System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Delphi Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. DENSO Company Summary
Table 51. DENSO Automotive Defogger System Product Offerings
Table 52. DENSO Automotive Defogger System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. DENSO Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. NXP Semiconductors Company Summary
Table 55. NXP Semiconductors Automotive Defogger System Product Offerings
Table 56. NXP Semiconductors Automotive Defogger System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. NXP Semiconductors Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Dupont Company Summary
Table 59. Dupont Automotive Defogger System Product Offerings
Table 60. Dupont Automotive Defogger System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Dupont Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Automotive Defogger System Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 63. Global Automotive Defogger System Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 64. Global Automotive Defogger System Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 65. Global Automotive Defogger System Production by Region, 2024-2032 (K Units)
Table 66. Automotive Defogger System Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 67. Automotive Defogger System Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 68. Automotive Defogger System Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 69. Automotive Defogger System Raw Materials
Table 70. Automotive Defogger System Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 71. Typical Automotive Defogger System Downstream
Table 72. Automotive Defogger System Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 73. Automotive Defogger System Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Automotive Defogger System Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Automotive Defogger System Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Automotive Defogger System Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Automotive Defogger System Market Size: 2022 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, 2018-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Automotive Defogger System Sales in Global Market: 2018-2032 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Automotive Defogger System Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 10. By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 11. By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 12. By Type - Global Automotive Defogger System Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2032
Figure 13. By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 14. By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 15. By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 16. By Application - Global Automotive Defogger System Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2032
Figure 17. By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 18. By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2032
Figure 19. By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 20. By Region - Global Automotive Defogger System Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 21. By Country - North America Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 22. By Country - North America Automotive Defogger System Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 23. US Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 24. Canada Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 25. Mexico Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Automotive Defogger System Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 28. Germany Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 29. France Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 30. U.K. Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 31. Italy Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 32. Russia Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 34. Benelux Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Automotive Defogger System Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 37. China Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 38. Japan Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 39. South Korea Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 41. India Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 42. By Country - South America Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 43. By Country - South America Automotive Defogger System Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 44. Brazil Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 45. Argentina Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Defogger System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Defogger System Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 48. Turkey Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 49. Israel Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 51. UAE Automotive Defogger System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 52. Global Automotive Defogger System Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2032
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Automotive Defogger System by Region, 2022 VS 2032
Figure 54. Automotive Defogger System Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels
