This report contains market size and forecasts of Automotive Radiator Hose in global, including the following market information:
- Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2023-2030, ($ millions)
- Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Sales, 2018-2023, 2023-2030, (Tons)
- Global top five Automotive Radiator Hose companies in 2022 (%)
The global Automotive Radiator Hose market was valued at million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2023-2030.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2030.
Silicon Hose Segment to Reach $ Million by 2030, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Automotive Radiator Hose include Gates Corporation, Dayco, ContiTech, Mishimoto Automotive, Ford Motor Company and Toyoda Gosei, etc. In 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Automotive Radiator Hose manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2023-2030 ($ Millions) & (Tons)
Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
- Silicon Hose
- Rubber Hose
- Helium Hose
Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2023-2030 ($ Millions) & (Tons)
Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2023-2030 ($ Millions) & (Tons)
Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
- North America
- US
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Russia
- Nordic Countries
- Benelux
- Rest of Europe
- Asia
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- Southeast Asia
- India
- Rest of Asia
- South America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Rest of South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- Israel
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
- Key companies Automotive Radiator Hose revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), ($ millions)
- Key companies Automotive Radiator Hose revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
- Key companies Automotive Radiator Hose sales in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), (Tons)
- Key companies Automotive Radiator Hose sales share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
- Gates Corporation
- Dayco
- ContiTech
- Mishimoto Automotive
- Ford Motor Company
- Toyoda Gosei
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Automotive Radiator Hose Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Automotive Radiator Hose Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales: 2018-2030
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Automotive Radiator Hose Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Automotive Radiator Hose Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Automotive Radiator Hose Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Automotive Radiator Hose Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Automotive Radiator Hose Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Radiator Hose Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Automotive Radiator Hose Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Radiator Hose Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Silicon Hose
4.1.3 Rubber Hose
4.1.4 Helium Hose
4.2 By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2023-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
4.3 By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, 2023-2030
4.3.3 By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
4.4 By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 OEM
5.1.3 Aftermarket
5.2 By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2023-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5.3 By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, 2023-2030
5.3.3 By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
5.4 By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2023-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, 2023-2030
6.3.3 By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 By Country - North America Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, 2018-2030
6.4.3 US Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 Canada Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Mexico Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Germany Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 France Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 U.K. Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 Italy Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.7 Russia Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.9 Benelux Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, 2018-2030
6.6.3 China Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.4 Japan Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.5 South Korea Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.7 India Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 By Country - South America Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Brazil Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Argentina Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2018-2030
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, 2018-2030
6.8.3 Turkey Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.4 Israel Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.6 UAE Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Gates Corporation
7.1.1 Gates Corporation Corporate Summary
7.1.2 Gates Corporation Business Overview
7.1.3 Gates Corporation Automotive Radiator Hose Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Gates Corporation Automotive Radiator Hose Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Gates Corporation Key News
7.2 Dayco
7.2.1 Dayco Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Dayco Business Overview
7.2.3 Dayco Automotive Radiator Hose Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Dayco Automotive Radiator Hose Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Dayco Key News
7.3 ContiTech
7.3.1 ContiTech Corporate Summary
7.3.2 ContiTech Business Overview
7.3.3 ContiTech Automotive Radiator Hose Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 ContiTech Automotive Radiator Hose Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 ContiTech Key News
7.4 Mishimoto Automotive
7.4.1 Mishimoto Automotive Corporate Summary
7.4.2 Mishimoto Automotive Business Overview
7.4.3 Mishimoto Automotive Automotive Radiator Hose Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Mishimoto Automotive Automotive Radiator Hose Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Mishimoto Automotive Key News
7.5 Ford Motor Company
7.5.1 Ford Motor Company Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Ford Motor Company Business Overview
7.5.3 Ford Motor Company Automotive Radiator Hose Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Ford Motor Company Automotive Radiator Hose Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Ford Motor Company Key News
7.6 Toyoda Gosei
7.6.1 Toyoda Gosei Corporate Summary
7.6.2 Toyoda Gosei Business Overview
7.6.3 Toyoda Gosei Automotive Radiator Hose Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Toyoda Gosei Automotive Radiator Hose Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Toyoda Gosei Key News
8 Global Automotive Radiator Hose Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Automotive Radiator Hose Production Capacity, 2018-2030
8.2 Automotive Radiator Hose Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Automotive Radiator Hose Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Automotive Radiator Hose Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Automotive Radiator Hose Industry Value Chain
10.2 Automotive Radiator Hose Upstream Market
10.3 Automotive Radiator Hose Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Automotive Radiator Hose Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Automotive Radiator Hose in Global Market
Table 2. Top Automotive Radiator Hose Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales by Companies, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Automotive Radiator Hose Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Automotive Radiator Hose Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Automotive Radiator Hose Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Radiator Hose Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 14. By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 16. By Application ? Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 17. By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 19. By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 21. By Region ? Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2030
Table 22. By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 24. By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 26. By Country - North America Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 28. By Country - North America Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 30. By Country - Europe Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 32. By Country - Europe Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 34. By Region - Asia Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 36. By Region - Asia Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 38. By Country - South America Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 40. By Country - South America Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Radiator Hose Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 46. Gates Corporation Corporate Summary
Table 47. Gates Corporation Automotive Radiator Hose Product Offerings
Table 48. Gates Corporation Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Dayco Corporate Summary
Table 50. Dayco Automotive Radiator Hose Product Offerings
Table 51. Dayco Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 52. ContiTech Corporate Summary
Table 53. ContiTech Automotive Radiator Hose Product Offerings
Table 54. ContiTech Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 55. Mishimoto Automotive Corporate Summary
Table 56. Mishimoto Automotive Automotive Radiator Hose Product Offerings
Table 57. Mishimoto Automotive Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 58. Ford Motor Company Corporate Summary
Table 59. Ford Motor Company Automotive Radiator Hose Product Offerings
Table 60. Ford Motor Company Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Toyoda Gosei Corporate Summary
Table 62. Toyoda Gosei Automotive Radiator Hose Product Offerings
Table 63. Toyoda Gosei Automotive Radiator Hose Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 64. Automotive Radiator Hose Production Capacity (Tons) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (Tons)
Table 65. Global Automotive Radiator Hose Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 66. Global Automotive Radiator Hose Production by Region, 2018-2023 (Tons)
Table 67. Global Automotive Radiator Hose Production by Region, 2023-2030 (Tons)
Table 68. Automotive Radiator Hose Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 69. Automotive Radiator Hose Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 70. Automotive Radiator Hose Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 71. Automotive Radiator Hose Raw Materials
Table 72. Automotive Radiator Hose Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 73. Typical Automotive Radiator Hose Downstream
Table 74. Automotive Radiator Hose Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 75. Automotive Radiator Hose Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Automotive Radiator Hose Segment by Type
Figure 2. Automotive Radiator Hose Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Automotive Radiator Hose Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Automotive Radiator Hose Sales in Global Market: 2018-2030 (Tons)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Application - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. By Region - Global Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 17. By Country - North America Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 18. By Country - North America Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 19. US Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 20. Canada Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. Mexico Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 24. Germany Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. France Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. U.K. Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. Italy Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 28. Russia Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. Benelux Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 33. China Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 34. Japan Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. South Korea Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 37. India Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. By Country - South America Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 39. By Country - South America Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 40. Brazil Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. Argentina Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Radiator Hose Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 44. Turkey Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 45. Israel Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 47. UAE Automotive Radiator Hose Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 48. Global Automotive Radiator Hose Production Capacity (Tons), 2018-2030
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Automotive Radiator Hose by Region, 2022 VS 2030
Figure 50. Automotive Radiator Hose Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels
