This research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Bakery market, focusing on the current trends, market dynamics, and future prospects. The report explores the global Bakery market, including major regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and emerging markets. It also examines key factors driving the growth of Bakery, challenges faced by the industry, and potential opportunities for market players.
The global Bakery market has witnessed rapid growth in recent years, driven by increasing environmental concerns, government incentives, and advancements in technology. The Bakery market presents opportunities for various stakeholders, including Hyper Markets, Super Markets. Collaboration between the private sector and governments can accelerate the development of supportive policies, research and development efforts, and investment in Bakery market. Additionally, the growing consumer demand present avenues for market expansion.
The global Bakery market was valued at US$ 61380 million in 2023 and is projected to reach US$ 73740 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 2.6% during the forecast period.
The increasing demand for bakery drives the market. Availability of foods at reasonable prices, variety of products, rapid urbanization, hectic lifestyles, health benefits and the convenience of baked products are key factors contributing to the growth of market. Increasing preference for bread, rolls, cakes and pastries, pies, cookies, crackers, pretzels and tortillas is expected to augment demand over the forecast period. Europe dominates the global bakery market and is expected to be the highest revenue contributor until the end of 2020. The European bakery industry is a traditional one with many established bakers and bakery chains that follow traditional artisanal practices and also align with modern-day requirements.
Key Features:
The research report on the Bakery market includes several key features to provide comprehensive insights and facilitate decision-making for stakeholders.
Executive Summary: The report provides overview of the key findings, market trends, and major insights of the Bakery market.
Market Overview: The report provides a comprehensive overview of the Bakery market, including its definition, historical development, and current market size. It covers market segmentation by Type (e.g., Bread and Rolls, Cakes and Pastries), region, and application, highlighting the key drivers, challenges, and opportunities within each segment.
Market Dynamics: The report analyses the market dynamics driving the growth and development of the Bakery market. The report includes an assessment of government policies and regulations, technological advancements, consumer trends and preferences, infrastructure development, and industry collaborations. This analysis helps stakeholders understand the factors influencing the Bakery market's trajectory.
Competitive Landscape: The report provides an in-depth analysis of the competitive landscape within the Bakery market. It includes profiles of major market players, their market share, strategies, product portfolios, and recent developments.
Market Segmentation and Forecast: The report segment the Bakery market based on various parameters, such as by Type, region, and by Application. It provides market size and growth forecasts for each segment, supported by quantitative data and analysis. This helps stakeholders identify growth opportunities and make informed investment decisions.
Technological Trends: The report should highlight the key technological trends shaping the Bakery market, such as advancements in Type One technology and emerging substitutes. It analyses the impact of these trends on market growth, adoption rates, and consumer preferences.
Market Challenges and Opportunities: The report identify and analyses the major challenges faced by the Bakery market, such as technical bottleneck, cost limitations, and high entry barrier. It also highlights the opportunities for market growth, such as government incentives, emerging markets, and collaborations between stakeholders.
Regulatory and Policy Analysis: The report should assess the regulatory and policy landscape for Bakery, including government incentives, emission standards, and infrastructure development plans. It should analyse the impact of these policies on market growth and provide insights into future regulatory developments.
Recommendations and Conclusion: The report conclude with actionable recommendations for stakeholders, such as Application One Consumer, policymakers, investors, and infrastructure providers. These recommendations should be based on the research findings and address key challenges and opportunities within the Bakery market.
Supporting Data and Appendices: The report include supporting data, charts, and graphs to substantiate the analysis and findings. It also includes appendices with additional detailed information, such as data sources, survey questionnaires, and detailed market forecasts.
Market Segmentation
Bakery market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2019-2030, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of value.
Market segment by Type
- Bread and Rolls
- Cakes and Pastries
- Cookies
- Others
Market segment by Application
- Hyper Markets
- Super Markets
- Convenience Stores
- Departmental Stores
- Specialty Stores
- Online Purchase
Global Bakery Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2023 (%)
- North America
- US
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Russia
- Nordic Countries
- Benelux
- Rest of Europe
- Asia
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- Southeast Asia
- India
- Rest of Asia
- South America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Rest of South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- Israel
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
Major players covered
- Bahlsen
- Allied Bakeries
- Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni
- Bakers Delight
- Britannia Industries
- Dunkin' Donuts
- Bruegger's Enterprises
- Einstein Noah Restaurant Group
- Flowers Foods
- Nestl?
- Mondelez International
- Finsbury Food Group
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Bakery, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Bakery market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Bakery company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments
by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments
by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Bakery in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Bakery Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Bakery Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Bakery Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Bakery Market Size: 2023 VS 2030
2.2 Global Bakery Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2019-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Bakery Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Bakery Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Bakery Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Bakery Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2023
3.5 Global Companies Bakery Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Bakery Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Bakery Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Bakery Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Bakery Market Size Markets, 2023 & 2030
4.1.2 Bread and Rolls
4.1.3 Cakes and Pastries
4.1.4 Cookies
4.1.5 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Bakery Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Bakery Revenue, 2019-2024
4.2.2 By Type - Global Bakery Revenue, 2025-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Bakery Market Size, 2023 & 2030
5.1.2 Hyper Markets
5.1.3 Super Markets
5.1.4 Convenience Stores
5.1.5 Departmental Stores
5.1.6 Specialty Stores
5.1.7 Online Purchase
5.2 By Application - Global Bakery Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Bakery Revenue, 2019-2024
5.2.2 By Application - Global Bakery Revenue, 2025-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Bakery Market Size, 2023 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Bakery Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Bakery Revenue, 2019-2024
6.2.2 By Region - Global Bakery Revenue, 2025-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Bakery Revenue, 2019-2030
6.3.2 US Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.3 Canada Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Bakery Revenue, 2019-2030
6.4.2 Germany Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.3 France Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.5 Italy Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.6 Russia Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Bakery Revenue, 2019-2030
6.5.2 China Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.3 Japan Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.6 India Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Bakery Revenue, 2019-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Bakery Revenue, 2019-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.3 Israel Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.5 UAE Bakery Market Size, 2019-2030
7 Bakery Companies Profiles
7.1 Bahlsen
7.1.1 Bahlsen Company Summary
7.1.2 Bahlsen Business Overview
7.1.3 Bahlsen Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Bahlsen Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.1.5 Bahlsen Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Allied Bakeries
7.2.1 Allied Bakeries Company Summary
7.2.2 Allied Bakeries Business Overview
7.2.3 Allied Bakeries Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Allied Bakeries Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.2.5 Allied Bakeries Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni
7.3.1 Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni Company Summary
7.3.2 Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni Business Overview
7.3.3 Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.3.5 Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Bakers Delight
7.4.1 Bakers Delight Company Summary
7.4.2 Bakers Delight Business Overview
7.4.3 Bakers Delight Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Bakers Delight Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.4.5 Bakers Delight Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Britannia Industries
7.5.1 Britannia Industries Company Summary
7.5.2 Britannia Industries Business Overview
7.5.3 Britannia Industries Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Britannia Industries Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.5.5 Britannia Industries Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Dunkin' Donuts
7.6.1 Dunkin' Donuts Company Summary
7.6.2 Dunkin' Donuts Business Overview
7.6.3 Dunkin' Donuts Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Dunkin' Donuts Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.6.5 Dunkin' Donuts Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Bruegger's Enterprises
7.7.1 Bruegger's Enterprises Company Summary
7.7.2 Bruegger's Enterprises Business Overview
7.7.3 Bruegger's Enterprises Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Bruegger's Enterprises Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.7.5 Bruegger's Enterprises Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Einstein Noah Restaurant Group
7.8.1 Einstein Noah Restaurant Group Company Summary
7.8.2 Einstein Noah Restaurant Group Business Overview
7.8.3 Einstein Noah Restaurant Group Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Einstein Noah Restaurant Group Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.8.5 Einstein Noah Restaurant Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Flowers Foods
7.9.1 Flowers Foods Company Summary
7.9.2 Flowers Foods Business Overview
7.9.3 Flowers Foods Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Flowers Foods Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.9.5 Flowers Foods Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Nestl?
7.10.1 Nestl? Company Summary
7.10.2 Nestl? Business Overview
7.10.3 Nestl? Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Nestl? Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.10.5 Nestl? Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Mondelez International
7.11.1 Mondelez International Company Summary
7.11.2 Mondelez International Business Overview
7.11.3 Mondelez International Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Mondelez International Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.11.5 Mondelez International Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Finsbury Food Group
7.12.1 Finsbury Food Group Company Summary
7.12.2 Finsbury Food Group Business Overview
7.12.3 Finsbury Food Group Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Finsbury Food Group Bakery Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.12.5 Finsbury Food Group Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Bakery Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Bakery Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Bakery Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Bakery in Global Market
Table 5. Top Bakery Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2023)
Table 6. Global Bakery Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 7. Global Bakery Revenue Share by Companies, 2019-2024
Table 8. Global Companies Bakery Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Bakery Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Bakery Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Bakery Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 13. By Type - Bakery Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Bakery Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 16. By Application - Bakery Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 19. By Region - Global Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 21. By Country - North America Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 23. By Country - Europe Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 25. By Region - Asia Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 27. By Country - South America Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 30. Bahlsen Company Summary
Table 31. Bahlsen Bakery Product Offerings
Table 32. Bahlsen Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 33. Bahlsen Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Allied Bakeries Company Summary
Table 35. Allied Bakeries Bakery Product Offerings
Table 36. Allied Bakeries Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 37. Allied Bakeries Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni Company Summary
Table 39. Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni Bakery Product Offerings
Table 40. Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 41. Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Bakers Delight Company Summary
Table 43. Bakers Delight Bakery Product Offerings
Table 44. Bakers Delight Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 45. Bakers Delight Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Britannia Industries Company Summary
Table 47. Britannia Industries Bakery Product Offerings
Table 48. Britannia Industries Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 49. Britannia Industries Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Dunkin' Donuts Company Summary
Table 51. Dunkin' Donuts Bakery Product Offerings
Table 52. Dunkin' Donuts Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 53. Dunkin' Donuts Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Bruegger's Enterprises Company Summary
Table 55. Bruegger's Enterprises Bakery Product Offerings
Table 56. Bruegger's Enterprises Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 57. Bruegger's Enterprises Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Einstein Noah Restaurant Group Company Summary
Table 59. Einstein Noah Restaurant Group Bakery Product Offerings
Table 60. Einstein Noah Restaurant Group Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 61. Einstein Noah Restaurant Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Flowers Foods Company Summary
Table 63. Flowers Foods Bakery Product Offerings
Table 64. Flowers Foods Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 65. Flowers Foods Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Nestl? Company Summary
Table 67. Nestl? Bakery Product Offerings
Table 68. Nestl? Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 69. Nestl? Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Mondelez International Company Summary
Table 71. Mondelez International Bakery Product Offerings
Table 72. Mondelez International Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 73. Mondelez International Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Finsbury Food Group Company Summary
Table 75. Finsbury Food Group Bakery Product Offerings
Table 76. Finsbury Food Group Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 77. Finsbury Food Group Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Bakery Segment by Type in 2023
Figure 2. Bakery Segment by Application in 2023
Figure 3. Global Bakery Market Overview: 2023
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Bakery Market Size: 2023 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Bakery Revenue, 2019-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Bakery Revenue in 2023
Figure 8. By Type - Global Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 16. US Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 17. Canada Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 20. Germany Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 21. France Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 23. Italy Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 24. Russia Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 28. China Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 29. Japan Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 32. India Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 38. Israel Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 40. UAE Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 41. Bahlsen Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 42. Allied Bakeries Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 43. Barilla Holding Societa per Azioni Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 44. Bakers Delight Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 45. Britannia Industries Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 46. Dunkin' Donuts Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 47. Bruegger's Enterprises Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 48. Einstein Noah Restaurant Group Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 49. Flowers Foods Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 50. Nestl? Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 51. Mondelez International Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 52. Finsbury Food Group Bakery Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
