Chromium target is a sputtering source that forms various functional films on the substrate by magnetron sputtering, multi-arc ion plating or other types of coating systems under appropriate process conditions.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Chromium Target, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Chromium Target. This report contains market size and forecasts of Chromium Target in global, including the following market information:
Global Chromium Target Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2030, ($ millions)
Global Chromium Target Market Sales, 2018-2023, 2024-2030, (K Units)
Global top five Chromium Target companies in 2022 (%)
The global Chromium Target market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million.
Plane Target Segment to Reach $ Million by 2030, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Chromium Target include Lesker, SAM, Nexteck, ZNXC, Beijing Guanli, Lida Optical and Electronic and TYR, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Chromium Target manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Chromium Target Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions) & (K Units)
Global Chromium Target Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Plane Target
Rotating Target
Global Chromium Target Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions) & (K Units)
Global Chromium Target Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Microelectronics
Monitor
Storage
Other
Global Chromium Target Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions) & (K Units)
Global Chromium Target Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Chromium Target revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Chromium Target revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Key companies Chromium Target sales in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), (K Units)
Key companies Chromium Target sales share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Lesker
SAM
Nexteck
ZNXC
Beijing Guanli
Lida Optical and Electronic
TYR
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Chromium Target, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Chromium Target market size in revenue and volume.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Chromium Target manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Chromium Target in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Global Chromium Target capacity by region & country.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Chromium Target Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Chromium Target Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Chromium Target Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Chromium Target Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Chromium Target Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Global Chromium Target Sales: 2018-2030
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Chromium Target Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Chromium Target Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Chromium Target Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Chromium Target Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Chromium Target Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Chromium Target Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Chromium Target Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Chromium Target Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Chromium Target Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Chromium Target Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Chromium Target Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Plane Target
4.1.3 Rotating Target
4.2 By Type - Global Chromium Target Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Chromium Target Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Chromium Target Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
4.3 By Type - Global Chromium Target Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Chromium Target Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Chromium Target Sales, 2024-2030
4.3.3 By Type - Global Chromium Target Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
4.4 By Type - Global Chromium Target Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Chromium Target Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Microelectronics
5.1.3 Monitor
5.1.4 Storage
5.1.5 Other
5.2 By Application - Global Chromium Target Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Chromium Target Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Chromium Target Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5.3 By Application - Global Chromium Target Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Chromium Target Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Chromium Target Sales, 2024-2030
5.3.3 By Application - Global Chromium Target Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
5.4 By Application - Global Chromium Target Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Chromium Target Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Chromium Target Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Chromium Target Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Chromium Target Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 By Region - Global Chromium Target Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Chromium Target Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Chromium Target Sales, 2024-2030
6.3.3 By Region - Global Chromium Target Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Chromium Target Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 By Country - North America Chromium Target Sales, 2018-2030
6.4.3 US Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 Canada Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Mexico Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Chromium Target Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Chromium Target Sales, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Germany Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 France Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 U.K. Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 Italy Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.7 Russia Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.9 Benelux Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Chromium Target Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Chromium Target Sales, 2018-2030
6.6.3 China Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.4 Japan Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.5 South Korea Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.7 India Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Chromium Target Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 By Country - South America Chromium Target Sales, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Brazil Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Argentina Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Target Revenue, 2018-2030
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Target Sales, 2018-2030
6.8.3 Turkey Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.4 Israel Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.6 UAE Chromium Target Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Lesker
7.1.1 Lesker Company Summary
7.1.2 Lesker Business Overview
7.1.3 Lesker Chromium Target Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Lesker Chromium Target Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Lesker Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 SAM
7.2.1 SAM Company Summary
7.2.2 SAM Business Overview
7.2.3 SAM Chromium Target Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 SAM Chromium Target Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 SAM Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Nexteck
7.3.1 Nexteck Company Summary
7.3.2 Nexteck Business Overview
7.3.3 Nexteck Chromium Target Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Nexteck Chromium Target Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Nexteck Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 ZNXC
7.4.1 ZNXC Company Summary
7.4.2 ZNXC Business Overview
7.4.3 ZNXC Chromium Target Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 ZNXC Chromium Target Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 ZNXC Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Beijing Guanli
7.5.1 Beijing Guanli Company Summary
7.5.2 Beijing Guanli Business Overview
7.5.3 Beijing Guanli Chromium Target Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Beijing Guanli Chromium Target Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Beijing Guanli Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Lida Optical and Electronic
7.6.1 Lida Optical and Electronic Company Summary
7.6.2 Lida Optical and Electronic Business Overview
7.6.3 Lida Optical and Electronic Chromium Target Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Lida Optical and Electronic Chromium Target Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Lida Optical and Electronic Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 TYR
7.7.1 TYR Company Summary
7.7.2 TYR Business Overview
7.7.3 TYR Chromium Target Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 TYR Chromium Target Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 TYR Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Chromium Target Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Chromium Target Production Capacity, 2018-2030
8.2 Chromium Target Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Chromium Target Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Chromium Target Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Chromium Target Industry Value Chain
10.2 Chromium Target Upstream Market
10.3 Chromium Target Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Chromium Target Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Chromium Target in Global Market
Table 2. Top Chromium Target Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Chromium Target Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Chromium Target Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Chromium Target Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Chromium Target Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Chromium Target Price (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Chromium Target Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Chromium Target Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Chromium Target Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Global Chromium Target Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Chromium Target Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Type - Global Chromium Target Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Chromium Target Sales (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 16. By Application ? Global Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 17. By Application - Global Chromium Target Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Chromium Target Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 19. By Application - Global Chromium Target Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Chromium Target Sales (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 21. By Region ? Global Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2030
Table 22. By Region - Global Chromium Target Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Chromium Target Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Global Chromium Target Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Chromium Target Sales (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - North America Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - North America Chromium Target Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Chromium Target Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 30. By Country - Europe Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 32. By Country - Europe Chromium Target Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Chromium Target Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 34. By Region - Asia Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 36. By Region - Asia Chromium Target Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Chromium Target Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 38. By Country - South America Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 40. By Country - South America Chromium Target Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Chromium Target Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Target Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Target Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 46. Lesker Company Summary
Table 47. Lesker Chromium Target Product Offerings
Table 48. Lesker Chromium Target Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Lesker Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. SAM Company Summary
Table 51. SAM Chromium Target Product Offerings
Table 52. SAM Chromium Target Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. SAM Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Nexteck Company Summary
Table 55. Nexteck Chromium Target Product Offerings
Table 56. Nexteck Chromium Target Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Nexteck Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. ZNXC Company Summary
Table 59. ZNXC Chromium Target Product Offerings
Table 60. ZNXC Chromium Target Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. ZNXC Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Beijing Guanli Company Summary
Table 63. Beijing Guanli Chromium Target Product Offerings
Table 64. Beijing Guanli Chromium Target Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Beijing Guanli Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Lida Optical and Electronic Company Summary
Table 67. Lida Optical and Electronic Chromium Target Product Offerings
Table 68. Lida Optical and Electronic Chromium Target Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Lida Optical and Electronic Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. TYR Company Summary
Table 71. TYR Chromium Target Product Offerings
Table 72. TYR Chromium Target Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. TYR Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Chromium Target Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 75. Global Chromium Target Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 76. Global Chromium Target Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 77. Global Chromium Target Production by Region, 2024-2030 (K Units)
Table 78. Chromium Target Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 79. Chromium Target Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 80. Chromium Target Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 81. Chromium Target Raw Materials
Table 82. Chromium Target Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 83. Typical Chromium Target Downstream
Table 84. Chromium Target Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 85. Chromium Target Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Chromium Target Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Chromium Target Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Chromium Target Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Chromium Target Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Chromium Target Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Chromium Target Sales in Global Market: 2018-2030 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Chromium Target Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Chromium Target Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Type - Global Chromium Target Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 14. By Application - Global Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Application - Global Chromium Target Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. By Application - Global Chromium Target Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2030
Figure 17. By Region - Global Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 18. By Region - Global Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2030
Figure 19. By Region - Global Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. By Region - Global Chromium Target Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 21. By Country - North America Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 22. By Country - North America Chromium Target Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 23. US Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Canada Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Mexico Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Chromium Target Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. Germany Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. France Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. U.K. Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Italy Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. Russia Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 34. Benelux Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Chromium Target Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. China Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Japan Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. South Korea Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. India Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 42. By Country - South America Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 43. By Country - South America Chromium Target Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 44. Brazil Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 45. Argentina Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Target Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Target Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 48. Turkey Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 49. Israel Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 51. UAE Chromium Target Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 52. Global Chromium Target Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2030
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Chromium Target by Region, 2022 VS 2030
Figure 54. Chromium Target Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels
