This research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Survey Equipment market, focusing on the current trends, market dynamics, and future prospects. The report explores the global Survey Equipment market, including major regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and emerging markets. It also examines key factors driving the growth of Survey Equipment, challenges faced by the industry, and potential opportunities for market players.
The global Survey Equipment market has witnessed rapid growth in recent years, driven by increasing environmental concerns, government incentives, and advancements in technology. The Survey Equipment market presents opportunities for various stakeholders, including Inspection, Monitoring. Collaboration between the private sector and governments can accelerate the development of supportive policies, research and development efforts, and investment in Survey Equipment market. Additionally, the growing consumer demand present avenues for market expansion.
The global Survey Equipment market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.
Key Features:
The research report on the Survey Equipment market includes several key features to provide comprehensive insights and facilitate decision-making for stakeholders.
Executive Summary: The report provides overview of the key findings, market trends, and major insights of the Survey Equipment market.
Market Overview: The report provides a comprehensive overview of the Survey Equipment market, including its definition, historical development, and current market size. It covers market segmentation by Type (e.g., GNSS Systems, Total Stations & Theodolites), region, and application, highlighting the key drivers, challenges, and opportunities within each segment.
Market Dynamics: The report analyses the market dynamics driving the growth and development of the Survey Equipment market. The report includes an assessment of government policies and regulations, technological advancements, consumer trends and preferences, infrastructure development, and industry collaborations. This analysis helps stakeholders understand the factors influencing the Survey Equipment market's trajectory.
Competitive Landscape: The report provides an in-depth analysis of the competitive landscape within the Survey Equipment market. It includes profiles of major market players, their market share, strategies, product portfolios, and recent developments.
Market Segmentation and Forecast: The report segment the Survey Equipment market based on various parameters, such as by Type, region, and by Application. It provides market size and growth forecasts for each segment, supported by quantitative data and analysis. This helps stakeholders identify growth opportunities and make informed investment decisions.
Technological Trends: The report should highlight the key technological trends shaping the Survey Equipment market, such as advancements in Type One technology and emerging substitutes. It analyses the impact of these trends on market growth, adoption rates, and consumer preferences.
Market Challenges and Opportunities: The report identify and analyses the major challenges faced by the Survey Equipment market, such as technical bottleneck, cost limitations, and high entry barrier. It also highlights the opportunities for market growth, such as government incentives, emerging markets, and collaborations between stakeholders.
Regulatory and Policy Analysis: The report should assess the regulatory and policy landscape for Survey Equipment, including government incentives, emission standards, and infrastructure development plans. It should analyse the impact of these policies on market growth and provide insights into future regulatory developments.
Recommendations and Conclusion: The report conclude with actionable recommendations for stakeholders, such as Application One Consumer, policymakers, investors, and infrastructure providers. These recommendations should be based on the research findings and address key challenges and opportunities within the Survey Equipment market.
Supporting Data and Appendices: The report include supporting data, charts, and graphs to substantiate the analysis and findings. It also includes appendices with additional detailed information, such as data sources, survey questionnaires, and detailed market forecasts.
Market Segmentation
Survey Equipment market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2019-2030, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of value.
Market segment by Type
- GNSS Systems
- Total Stations & Theodolites
- Levels
- 3D Laser Scanners
- Lasers
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVS)
Market segment by Application
- Inspection
- Monitoring
- Volumetric Calculations
- Layout Points
Global Survey Equipment Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2023 (%)
- North America
- US
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Russia
- Nordic Countries
- Benelux
- Rest of Europe
- Asia
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- Southeast Asia
- India
- Rest of Asia
- South America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Rest of South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- Israel
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
Major players covered
- Hexagon
- Topcon Positioning Systems
- Trimble
- Hi-Target
- CHC-Navigation
- Suzhou Foif
- Stonex
- South Instrument
- CST/Berger
- Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology
- Guangdong Kolida Instrument
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Survey Equipment, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Survey Equipment market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Survey Equipment company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Survey Equipment in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Survey Equipment Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Survey Equipment Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Survey Equipment Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Survey Equipment Market Size: 2023 VS 2030
2.2 Global Survey Equipment Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2019-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Survey Equipment Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Survey Equipment Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Survey Equipment Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Survey Equipment Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2023
3.5 Global Companies Survey Equipment Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Survey Equipment Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Survey Equipment Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Survey Equipment Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Survey Equipment Market Size Markets, 2023 & 2030
4.1.2 GNSS Systems
4.1.3 Total Stations & Theodolites
4.1.4 Levels
4.1.5 3D Laser Scanners
4.1.6 Lasers
4.1.7 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVS)
4.2 By Type - Global Survey Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Survey Equipment Revenue, 2019-2024
4.2.2 By Type - Global Survey Equipment Revenue, 2025-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Survey Equipment Market Size, 2023 & 2030
5.1.2 Inspection
5.1.3 Monitoring
5.1.4 Volumetric Calculations
5.1.5 Layout Points
5.2 By Application - Global Survey Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Survey Equipment Revenue, 2019-2024
5.2.2 By Application - Global Survey Equipment Revenue, 2025-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Survey Equipment Market Size, 2023 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Survey Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Survey Equipment Revenue, 2019-2024
6.2.2 By Region - Global Survey Equipment Revenue, 2025-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Survey Equipment Revenue, 2019-2030
6.3.2 US Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.3 Canada Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Survey Equipment Revenue, 2019-2030
6.4.2 Germany Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.3 France Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.5 Italy Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.6 Russia Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Survey Equipment Revenue, 2019-2030
6.5.2 China Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.3 Japan Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.6 India Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Survey Equipment Revenue, 2019-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Survey Equipment Revenue, 2019-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.3 Israel Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.5 UAE Survey Equipment Market Size, 2019-2030
7 Survey Equipment Companies Profiles
7.1 Hexagon
7.1.1 Hexagon Company Summary
7.1.2 Hexagon Business Overview
7.1.3 Hexagon Survey Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Hexagon Survey Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.1.5 Hexagon Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Topcon Positioning Systems
7.2.1 Topcon Positioning Systems Company Summary
7.2.2 Topcon Positioning Systems Business Overview
7.2.3 Topcon Positioning Systems Survey Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Topcon Positioning Systems Survey Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.2.5 Topcon Positioning Systems Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Trimble
7.3.1 Trimble Company Summary
7.3.2 Trimble Business Overview
7.3.3 Trimble Survey Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Trimble Survey Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.3.5 Trimble Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Hi-Target
7.4.1 Hi-Target Company Summary
7.4.2 Hi-Target Business Overview
7.4.3 Hi-Target Survey Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Hi-Target Survey Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.4.5 Hi-Target Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 CHC-Navigation
7.5.1 CHC-Navigation Company Summary
7.5.2 CHC-Navigation Business Overview
7.5.3 CHC-Navigation Survey Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 CHC-Navigation Survey Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.5.5 CHC-Navigation Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Suzhou Foif
7.6.1 Suzhou Foif Company Summary
7.6.2 Suzhou Foif Business Overview
7.6.3 Suzhou Foif Survey Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Suzhou Foif Survey Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.6.5 Suzhou Foif Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Stonex
7.7.1 Stonex Company Summary
7.7.2 Stonex Business Overview
7.7.3 Stonex Survey Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Stonex Survey Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.7.5 Stonex Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 South Instrument
7.8.1 South Instrument Company Summary
7.8.2 South Instrument Business Overview
7.8.3 South Instrument Survey Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 South Instrument Survey Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.8.5 South Instrument Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 CST/Berger
7.9.1 CST/Berger Company Summary
7.9.2 CST/Berger Business Overview
7.9.3 CST/Berger Survey Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 CST/Berger Survey Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.9.5 CST/Berger Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology
7.10.1 Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology Company Summary
7.10.2 Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology Business Overview
7.10.3 Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology Survey Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology Survey Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.10.5 Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Guangdong Kolida Instrument
7.11.1 Guangdong Kolida Instrument Company Summary
7.11.2 Guangdong Kolida Instrument Business Overview
7.11.3 Guangdong Kolida Instrument Survey Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Guangdong Kolida Instrument Survey Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.11.5 Guangdong Kolida Instrument Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Survey Equipment Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Survey Equipment Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Survey Equipment Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Survey Equipment in Global Market
Table 5. Top Survey Equipment Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2023)
Table 6. Global Survey Equipment Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 7. Global Survey Equipment Revenue Share by Companies, 2019-2024
Table 8. Global Companies Survey Equipment Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Survey Equipment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Survey Equipment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Survey Equipment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 13. By Type - Survey Equipment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Survey Equipment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 16. By Application - Survey Equipment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 19. By Region - Global Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 21. By Country - North America Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 23. By Country - Europe Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 25. By Region - Asia Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 27. By Country - South America Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 30. Hexagon Company Summary
Table 31. Hexagon Survey Equipment Product Offerings
Table 32. Hexagon Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 33. Hexagon Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Topcon Positioning Systems Company Summary
Table 35. Topcon Positioning Systems Survey Equipment Product Offerings
Table 36. Topcon Positioning Systems Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 37. Topcon Positioning Systems Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Trimble Company Summary
Table 39. Trimble Survey Equipment Product Offerings
Table 40. Trimble Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 41. Trimble Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Hi-Target Company Summary
Table 43. Hi-Target Survey Equipment Product Offerings
Table 44. Hi-Target Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 45. Hi-Target Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. CHC-Navigation Company Summary
Table 47. CHC-Navigation Survey Equipment Product Offerings
Table 48. CHC-Navigation Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 49. CHC-Navigation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Suzhou Foif Company Summary
Table 51. Suzhou Foif Survey Equipment Product Offerings
Table 52. Suzhou Foif Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 53. Suzhou Foif Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Stonex Company Summary
Table 55. Stonex Survey Equipment Product Offerings
Table 56. Stonex Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 57. Stonex Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. South Instrument Company Summary
Table 59. South Instrument Survey Equipment Product Offerings
Table 60. South Instrument Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 61. South Instrument Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. CST/Berger Company Summary
Table 63. CST/Berger Survey Equipment Product Offerings
Table 64. CST/Berger Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 65. CST/Berger Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology Company Summary
Table 67. Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology Survey Equipment Product Offerings
Table 68. Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 69. Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Guangdong Kolida Instrument Company Summary
Table 71. Guangdong Kolida Instrument Survey Equipment Product Offerings
Table 72. Guangdong Kolida Instrument Survey Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 73. Guangdong Kolida Instrument Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Survey Equipment Segment by Type in 2023
Figure 2. Survey Equipment Segment by Application in 2023
Figure 3. Global Survey Equipment Market Overview: 2023
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Survey Equipment Market Size: 2023 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Survey Equipment Revenue, 2019-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Survey Equipment Revenue in 2023
Figure 8. By Type - Global Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 16. US Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 17. Canada Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 20. Germany Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 21. France Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 23. Italy Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 24. Russia Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 28. China Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 29. Japan Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 32. India Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Survey Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 38. Israel Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 40. UAE Survey Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 41. Hexagon Survey Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 42. Topcon Positioning Systems Survey Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 43. Trimble Survey Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 44. Hi-Target Survey Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 45. CHC-Navigation Survey Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 46. Suzhou Foif Survey Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 47. Stonex Survey Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 48. South Instrument Survey Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 49. CST/Berger Survey Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 50. Changzhou Dadi Surveying Science & Technology Survey Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 51. Guangdong Kolida Instrument Survey Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
