Lentinan is a beta-glucan (a type of polysaccharide) from the mushroom lentinus edodes (shiitake mushroom). It has been studied in Japan as a treatment for cancer.
This report contains market size and forecasts of Food Grade Lentinan in global, including the following market information:
Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2023-2030, ($ millions)
Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Sales, 2018-2023, 2023-2030, (Tons)
Global top five Food Grade Lentinan companies in 2022 (%)
The global Food Grade Lentinan market was valued at million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2023-2030.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2030.
Purity Below 95% Segment to Reach $ Million by 2030, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Food Grade Lentinan include Ajinomoto, Nammex, Xi'an Yuansun Biological, Golden Horizon Biologics, Acetar Bio-Tech and Johncan Mushroom Bio-technology, etc. In 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Food Grade Lentinan manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Food Grade Lentinan Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2023-2030 ($ Millions) & (Tons)
Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Purity Below 95%
Purity Above 95%
Global Food Grade Lentinan Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2023-2030 ($ Millions) & (Tons)
Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Food Additive
Health Product Field
Others
Global Food Grade Lentinan Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2023-2030 ($ Millions) & (Tons)
Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Food Grade Lentinan revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Food Grade Lentinan revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Key companies Food Grade Lentinan sales in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), (Tons)
Key companies Food Grade Lentinan sales share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Ajinomoto
Nammex
Xi'an Yuansun Biological
Golden Horizon Biologics
Acetar Bio-Tech
Johncan Mushroom Bio-technology
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Food Grade Lentinan Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Food Grade Lentinan Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales: 2018-2030
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Food Grade Lentinan Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Food Grade Lentinan Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Food Grade Lentinan Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Food Grade Lentinan Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Food Grade Lentinan Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Food Grade Lentinan Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Food Grade Lentinan Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Food Grade Lentinan Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Purity Below 95%
4.1.3 Purity Above 95%
4.2 By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2023-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
4.3 By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales, 2023-2030
4.3.3 By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
4.4 By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Food Additive
5.1.3 Health Product Field
5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2023-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5.3 By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales, 2023-2030
5.3.3 By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
5.4 By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2023-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales, 2023-2030
6.3.3 By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 By Country - North America Food Grade Lentinan Sales, 2018-2030
6.4.3 US Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 Canada Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Mexico Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Food Grade Lentinan Sales, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Germany Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 France Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 U.K. Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 Italy Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.7 Russia Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.9 Benelux Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Food Grade Lentinan Sales, 2018-2030
6.6.3 China Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.4 Japan Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.5 South Korea Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.7 India Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 By Country - South America Food Grade Lentinan Sales, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Brazil Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Argentina Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2018-2030
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Food Grade Lentinan Sales, 2018-2030
6.8.3 Turkey Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.4 Israel Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.6 UAE Food Grade Lentinan Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Ajinomoto
7.1.1 Ajinomoto Corporate Summary
7.1.2 Ajinomoto Business Overview
7.1.3 Ajinomoto Food Grade Lentinan Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Ajinomoto Food Grade Lentinan Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Ajinomoto Key News
7.2 Nammex
7.2.1 Nammex Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Nammex Business Overview
7.2.3 Nammex Food Grade Lentinan Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Nammex Food Grade Lentinan Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Nammex Key News
7.3 Xi'an Yuansun Biological
7.3.1 Xi'an Yuansun Biological Corporate Summary
7.3.2 Xi'an Yuansun Biological Business Overview
7.3.3 Xi'an Yuansun Biological Food Grade Lentinan Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Xi'an Yuansun Biological Food Grade Lentinan Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Xi'an Yuansun Biological Key News
7.4 Golden Horizon Biologics
7.4.1 Golden Horizon Biologics Corporate Summary
7.4.2 Golden Horizon Biologics Business Overview
7.4.3 Golden Horizon Biologics Food Grade Lentinan Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Golden Horizon Biologics Food Grade Lentinan Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Golden Horizon Biologics Key News
7.5 Acetar Bio-Tech
7.5.1 Acetar Bio-Tech Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Acetar Bio-Tech Business Overview
7.5.3 Acetar Bio-Tech Food Grade Lentinan Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Acetar Bio-Tech Food Grade Lentinan Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Acetar Bio-Tech Key News
7.6 Johncan Mushroom Bio-technology
7.6.1 Johncan Mushroom Bio-technology Corporate Summary
7.6.2 Johncan Mushroom Bio-technology Business Overview
7.6.3 Johncan Mushroom Bio-technology Food Grade Lentinan Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Johncan Mushroom Bio-technology Food Grade Lentinan Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Johncan Mushroom Bio-technology Key News
8 Global Food Grade Lentinan Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Food Grade Lentinan Production Capacity, 2018-2030
8.2 Food Grade Lentinan Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Food Grade Lentinan Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Food Grade Lentinan Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Food Grade Lentinan Industry Value Chain
10.2 Food Grade Lentinan Upstream Market
10.3 Food Grade Lentinan Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Food Grade Lentinan Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Food Grade Lentinan in Global Market
Table 2. Top Food Grade Lentinan Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales by Companies, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Food Grade Lentinan Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Food Grade Lentinan Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Food Grade Lentinan Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Food Grade Lentinan Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 14. By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 16. By Application ? Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 17. By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 19. By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 21. By Region ? Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2030
Table 22. By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 24. By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 26. By Country - North America Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 28. By Country - North America Food Grade Lentinan Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Food Grade Lentinan Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 30. By Country - Europe Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 32. By Country - Europe Food Grade Lentinan Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Food Grade Lentinan Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 34. By Region - Asia Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 36. By Region - Asia Food Grade Lentinan Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Food Grade Lentinan Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 38. By Country - South America Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 40. By Country - South America Food Grade Lentinan Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Food Grade Lentinan Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Food Grade Lentinan Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Food Grade Lentinan Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 46. Ajinomoto Corporate Summary
Table 47. Ajinomoto Food Grade Lentinan Product Offerings
Table 48. Ajinomoto Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Nammex Corporate Summary
Table 50. Nammex Food Grade Lentinan Product Offerings
Table 51. Nammex Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 52. Xi'an Yuansun Biological Corporate Summary
Table 53. Xi'an Yuansun Biological Food Grade Lentinan Product Offerings
Table 54. Xi'an Yuansun Biological Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 55. Golden Horizon Biologics Corporate Summary
Table 56. Golden Horizon Biologics Food Grade Lentinan Product Offerings
Table 57. Golden Horizon Biologics Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 58. Acetar Bio-Tech Corporate Summary
Table 59. Acetar Bio-Tech Food Grade Lentinan Product Offerings
Table 60. Acetar Bio-Tech Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Johncan Mushroom Bio-technology Corporate Summary
Table 62. Johncan Mushroom Bio-technology Food Grade Lentinan Product Offerings
Table 63. Johncan Mushroom Bio-technology Food Grade Lentinan Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 64. Food Grade Lentinan Production Capacity (Tons) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2023 (Tons)
Table 65. Global Food Grade Lentinan Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2023
Table 66. Global Food Grade Lentinan Production by Region, 2018-2023 (Tons)
Table 67. Global Food Grade Lentinan Production by Region, 2023-2030 (Tons)
Table 68. Food Grade Lentinan Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 69. Food Grade Lentinan Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 70. Food Grade Lentinan Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 71. Food Grade Lentinan Raw Materials
Table 72. Food Grade Lentinan Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 73. Typical Food Grade Lentinan Downstream
Table 74. Food Grade Lentinan Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 75. Food Grade Lentinan Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Food Grade Lentinan Segment by Type
Figure 2. Food Grade Lentinan Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Food Grade Lentinan Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Food Grade Lentinan Sales in Global Market: 2018-2030 (Tons)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Food Grade Lentinan Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Food Grade Lentinan Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Application - Global Food Grade Lentinan Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. By Region - Global Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 17. By Country - North America Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 18. By Country - North America Food Grade Lentinan Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 19. US Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 20. Canada Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. Mexico Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Food Grade Lentinan Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 24. Germany Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. France Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. U.K. Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. Italy Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 28. Russia Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. Benelux Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Food Grade Lentinan Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 33. China Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 34. Japan Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. South Korea Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 37. India Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. By Country - South America Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 39. By Country - South America Food Grade Lentinan Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 40. Brazil Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. Argentina Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Food Grade Lentinan Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Food Grade Lentinan Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 44. Turkey Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 45. Israel Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 47. UAE Food Grade Lentinan Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 48. Global Food Grade Lentinan Production Capacity (Tons), 2018-2030
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Food Grade Lentinan by Region, 2022 VS 2030
Figure 50. Food Grade Lentinan Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels
