This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for GMO Corn, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding GMO Corn. This report contains market size and forecasts of GMO Corn in global, including the following market information:
- Global GMO Corn Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, ($ millions)
- Global GMO Corn Market Sales, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, (K MT)
Global top five GMO Corn companies in 2022 (%)
The global GMO Corn market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
North America will be the largest consumer of GMO corn, while the Asia-Pacific will spearhead the global GMO corn production. Higher acceptance of GMO crops among consumers in the US and Canada will keep North America at a leading position in the expansion of the global GMO corn market through 2025.
We surveyed the GMO Corn manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global GMO Corn Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions) & (K MT)
Global GMO Corn Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
- Herbicide Tolerant
- Insect Tolerant
- Others
Global GMO Corn Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions) & (K MT)
Global GMO Corn Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
- Food
- Feed & Residual
- Biodiesel
- Others
Global GMO Corn Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions) & (K MT)
Global GMO Corn Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
- North America
- US
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Russia
- Nordic Countries
- Benelux
- Rest of Europe
- Asia
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- Southeast Asia
- India
- Rest of Asia
- South America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Rest of South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- Israel
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
- Key companies GMO Corn revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), ($ millions)
- Key companies GMO Corn revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
- Key companies GMO Corn sales in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), (K MT)
- Key companies GMO Corn sales share in global market, 2022 (%)
- Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
- Groupe Limagrain
- Syngenta
- DowDuPont
- Monsanto
- BASF
- Bayer CropScience
- KWS Saat
- Outline of Major Chapters:
- Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of GMO Corn, market overview.
- Chapter 2: Global GMO Corn market size in revenue and volume.
- Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of GMO Corn manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
- Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
- Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
- Chapter 6: Sales of GMO Corn in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
- Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
- Chapter 8: Global GMO Corn capacity by region & country.
- Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
- Chapter 10: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
- Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 GMO Corn Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global GMO Corn Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global GMO Corn Overall Market Size
2.1 Global GMO Corn Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global GMO Corn Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global GMO Corn Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top GMO Corn Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global GMO Corn Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global GMO Corn Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global GMO Corn Sales by Companies
3.5 Global GMO Corn Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 GMO Corn Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers GMO Corn Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 GMO Corn Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 GMO Corn Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 GMO Corn Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global GMO Corn Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Herbicide Tolerant
4.1.3 Insect Tolerant
4.1.4 Others
4.2 By Type - Global GMO Corn Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global GMO Corn Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global GMO Corn Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type - Global GMO Corn Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global GMO Corn Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global GMO Corn Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type - Global GMO Corn Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type - Global GMO Corn Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global GMO Corn Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Food
5.1.3 Feed & Residual
5.1.4 Biodiesel
5.1.5 Others
5.2 By Application - Global GMO Corn Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global GMO Corn Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global GMO Corn Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application - Global GMO Corn Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global GMO Corn Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global GMO Corn Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application - Global GMO Corn Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application - Global GMO Corn Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global GMO Corn Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global GMO Corn Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global GMO Corn Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global GMO Corn Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region - Global GMO Corn Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global GMO Corn Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global GMO Corn Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region - Global GMO Corn Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America GMO Corn Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country - North America GMO Corn Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe GMO Corn Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country - Europe GMO Corn Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia GMO Corn Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region - Asia GMO Corn Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America GMO Corn Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country - South America GMO Corn Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa GMO Corn Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa GMO Corn Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE GMO Corn Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Groupe Limagrain
7.1.1 Groupe Limagrain Company Summary
7.1.2 Groupe Limagrain Business Overview
7.1.3 Groupe Limagrain GMO Corn Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Groupe Limagrain GMO Corn Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Groupe Limagrain Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Syngenta
7.2.1 Syngenta Company Summary
7.2.2 Syngenta Business Overview
7.2.3 Syngenta GMO Corn Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Syngenta GMO Corn Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Syngenta Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 DowDuPont
7.3.1 DowDuPont Company Summary
7.3.2 DowDuPont Business Overview
7.3.3 DowDuPont GMO Corn Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 DowDuPont GMO Corn Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 DowDuPont Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Monsanto
7.4.1 Monsanto Company Summary
7.4.2 Monsanto Business Overview
7.4.3 Monsanto GMO Corn Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Monsanto GMO Corn Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Monsanto Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 BASF
7.5.1 BASF Company Summary
7.5.2 BASF Business Overview
7.5.3 BASF GMO Corn Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 BASF GMO Corn Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 BASF Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Bayer CropScience
7.6.1 Bayer CropScience Company Summary
7.6.2 Bayer CropScience Business Overview
7.6.3 Bayer CropScience GMO Corn Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Bayer CropScience GMO Corn Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Bayer CropScience Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 KWS Saat
7.7.1 KWS Saat Company Summary
7.7.2 KWS Saat Business Overview
7.7.3 KWS Saat GMO Corn Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 KWS Saat GMO Corn Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 KWS Saat Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global GMO Corn Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global GMO Corn Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 GMO Corn Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global GMO Corn Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 GMO Corn Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 GMO Corn Industry Value Chain
10.2 GMO Corn Upstream Market
10.3 GMO Corn Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 GMO Corn Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of GMO Corn in Global Market
Table 2. Top GMO Corn Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global GMO Corn Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global GMO Corn Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global GMO Corn Sales by Companies, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global GMO Corn Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers GMO Corn Price (2018-2023) & (USD/MT)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers GMO Corn Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 GMO Corn Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 GMO Corn Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global GMO Corn Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global GMO Corn Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global GMO Corn Sales (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global GMO Corn Sales (K MT), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application ? Global GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global GMO Corn Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global GMO Corn Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global GMO Corn Sales (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global GMO Corn Sales (K MT), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region ? Global GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global GMO Corn Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global GMO Corn Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global GMO Corn Sales (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global GMO Corn Sales (K MT), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America GMO Corn Sales, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America GMO Corn Sales, (K MT), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe GMO Corn Sales, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe GMO Corn Sales, (K MT), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia GMO Corn Sales, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia GMO Corn Sales, (K MT), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America GMO Corn Sales, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America GMO Corn Sales, (K MT), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa GMO Corn Sales, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa GMO Corn Sales, (K MT), 2024-2029
Table 46. Groupe Limagrain Company Summary
Table 47. Groupe Limagrain GMO Corn Product Offerings
Table 48. Groupe Limagrain GMO Corn Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Groupe Limagrain Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Syngenta Company Summary
Table 51. Syngenta GMO Corn Product Offerings
Table 52. Syngenta GMO Corn Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Syngenta Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. DowDuPont Company Summary
Table 55. DowDuPont GMO Corn Product Offerings
Table 56. DowDuPont GMO Corn Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 57. DowDuPont Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Monsanto Company Summary
Table 59. Monsanto GMO Corn Product Offerings
Table 60. Monsanto GMO Corn Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Monsanto Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. BASF Company Summary
Table 63. BASF GMO Corn Product Offerings
Table 64. BASF GMO Corn Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 65. BASF Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Bayer CropScience Company Summary
Table 67. Bayer CropScience GMO Corn Product Offerings
Table 68. Bayer CropScience GMO Corn Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Bayer CropScience Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. KWS Saat Company Summary
Table 71. KWS Saat GMO Corn Product Offerings
Table 72. KWS Saat GMO Corn Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 73. KWS Saat Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. GMO Corn Production Capacity (K MT) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K MT)
Table 75. Global GMO Corn Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 76. Global GMO Corn Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K MT)
Table 77. Global GMO Corn Production by Region, 2024-2029 (K MT)
Table 78. GMO Corn Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 79. GMO Corn Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 80. GMO Corn Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 81. GMO Corn Raw Materials
Table 82. GMO Corn Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 83. Typical GMO Corn Downstream
Table 84. GMO Corn Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 85. GMO Corn Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. GMO Corn Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. GMO Corn Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global GMO Corn Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global GMO Corn Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global GMO Corn Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. GMO Corn Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (K MT)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by GMO Corn Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global GMO Corn Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global GMO Corn Price (USD/MT), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global GMO Corn Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global GMO Corn Price (USD/MT), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global GMO Corn Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America GMO Corn Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe GMO Corn Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia GMO Corn Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America GMO Corn Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa GMO Corn Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa GMO Corn Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE GMO Corn Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global GMO Corn Production Capacity (K MT), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production GMO Corn by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. GMO Corn Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels
