The global Hot Air System market was valued at US$ 2.8 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach US$ 3.8 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
Report Overview
This report provides a deep insight into the global Hot Air System market covering all its essential aspects. This ranges from a macro overview of the market to micro details of the market size, competitive landscape, development trend, niche market, key market drivers and challenges, SWOT analysis, value chain analysis, etc.
The analysis helps the reader to shape the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. Furthermore, it provides a simple framework for evaluating and accessing the position of the business organization. The report structure also focuses on the competitive landscape of the Global Hot Air System Market, this report introduces in detail the market share, market performance, product situation, operation situation, etc. of the main players, which helps the readers in the industry to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
In a word, this report is a must-read for industry players, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the Hot Air System market in any manner.
Global Hot Air System Market: Market Segmentation Analysis
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), manufacturers, Type, and Application. Market segmentation creates subsets of a market based on product type, end-user or application, Geographic, and other factors. By understanding the market segments, the decision-maker can leverage this targeting in the product, sales, and marketing strategies. Market segments can power your product development cycles by informing how you create product offerings for different segments.
Key Company
REMKO GmbH
Wilson Brothers
Aire Serv
United Air Tech Inds
Carney Plumbing Heating & Cooling
Alfatherm
Status Heating
B.A.C. Systems
Powrmatic
HeatTek
Atmostherm Limited
Market Segmentation (by Type)
Central Heat
Direct Heat
Radiator Distribution System
Forced Air Distribution System
Hybrid Heating
Market Segmentation (by Application)
Industrial
Residential
Commercial
Geographic Segmentation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
1 Research Methodology and Statistical Scope
1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Hot Air System
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.2.1 Hot Air System Segment by Type
1.2.2 Hot Air System Segment by Application
1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.3.1 Research Methodology
1.3.2 Research Process
1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
1.3.4 Base Year
1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Hot Air System Market Overview
2.1 Global Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Hot Air System Market Size (M USD) Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.1.2 Global Hot Air System Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary
2.3 Global Market Size by Region
3 Hot Air System Market Competitive Landscape
3.1 Global Hot Air System Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.2 Global Hot Air System Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.3 Hot Air System Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.4 Global Hot Air System Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.5 Manufacturers Hot Air System Sales Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3.6 Hot Air System Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.6.1 Hot Air System Market Concentration Rate
3.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Hot Air System Players Market Share by Revenue
3.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 Hot Air System Industry Chain Analysis
4.1 Hot Air System Industry Chain Analysis
4.2 Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
4.3 Midstream Market Analysis
4.4 Downstream Customer Analysis
5 The Development and Dynamics of Hot Air System Market
5.1 Key Development Trends
5.2 Driving Factors
5.3 Market Challenges
5.4 Market Restraints
5.5 Industry News
5.5.1 New Product Developments
5.5.2 Mergers & Acquisitions
5.5.3 Expansions
5.5.4 Collaboration/Supply Contracts
5.6 Industry Policies
6 Hot Air System Market Segmentation by Type
6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
6.2 Global Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.3 Global Hot Air System Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.4 Global Hot Air System Price by Type (2019-2024)
7 Hot Air System Market Segmentation by Application
7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
7.2 Global Hot Air System Market Sales by Application (2019-2024)
7.3 Global Hot Air System Market Size (M USD) by Application (2019-2024)
7.4 Global Hot Air System Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
8 Hot Air System Market Segmentation by Region
8.1 Global Hot Air System Sales by Region
8.1.1 Global Hot Air System Sales by Region
8.1.2 Global Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Region
8.2 North America
8.2.1 North America Hot Air System Sales by Country
8.2.2 U.S.
8.2.3 Canada
8.2.4 Mexico
8.3 Europe
8.3.1 Europe Hot Air System Sales by Country
8.3.2 Germany
8.3.3 France
8.3.4 U.K.
8.3.5 Italy
8.3.6 Russia
8.4 Asia Pacific
8.4.1 Asia Pacific Hot Air System Sales by Region
8.4.2 China
8.4.3 Japan
8.4.4 South Korea
8.4.5 India
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.5 South America
8.5.1 South America Hot Air System Sales by Country
8.5.2 Brazil
8.5.3 Argentina
8.5.4 Columbia
8.6 Middle East and Africa
8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Hot Air System Sales by Region
8.6.2 Saudi Arabia
8.6.3 UAE
8.6.4 Egypt
8.6.5 Nigeria
8.6.6 South Africa
9 Key Companies Profile
9.1 REMKO GmbH
9.1.1 REMKO GmbH Hot Air System Basic Information
9.1.2 REMKO GmbH Hot Air System Product Overview
9.1.3 REMKO GmbH Hot Air System Product Market Performance
9.1.4 REMKO GmbH Business Overview
9.1.5 REMKO GmbH Hot Air System SWOT Analysis
9.1.6 REMKO GmbH Recent Developments
9.2 Wilson Brothers
9.2.1 Wilson Brothers Hot Air System Basic Information
9.2.2 Wilson Brothers Hot Air System Product Overview
9.2.3 Wilson Brothers Hot Air System Product Market Performance
9.2.4 Wilson Brothers Business Overview
9.2.5 Wilson Brothers Hot Air System SWOT Analysis
9.2.6 Wilson Brothers Recent Developments
9.3 Aire Serv
9.3.1 Aire Serv Hot Air System Basic Information
9.3.2 Aire Serv Hot Air System Product Overview
9.3.3 Aire Serv Hot Air System Product Market Performance
9.3.4 Aire Serv Hot Air System SWOT Analysis
9.3.5 Aire Serv Business Overview
9.3.6 Aire Serv Recent Developments
9.4 United Air Tech Inds
9.4.1 United Air Tech Inds Hot Air System Basic Information
9.4.2 United Air Tech Inds Hot Air System Product Overview
9.4.3 United Air Tech Inds Hot Air System Product Market Performance
9.4.4 United Air Tech Inds Business Overview
9.4.5 United Air Tech Inds Recent Developments
9.5 Carney Plumbing Heating and Cooling
9.5.1 Carney Plumbing Heating and Cooling Hot Air System Basic Information
9.5.2 Carney Plumbing Heating and Cooling Hot Air System Product Overview
9.5.3 Carney Plumbing Heating and Cooling Hot Air System Product Market Performance
9.5.4 Carney Plumbing Heating and Cooling Business Overview
9.5.5 Carney Plumbing Heating and Cooling Recent Developments
9.6 Alfatherm
9.6.1 Alfatherm Hot Air System Basic Information
9.6.2 Alfatherm Hot Air System Product Overview
9.6.3 Alfatherm Hot Air System Product Market Performance
9.6.4 Alfatherm Business Overview
9.6.5 Alfatherm Recent Developments
9.7 Status Heating
9.7.1 Status Heating Hot Air System Basic Information
9.7.2 Status Heating Hot Air System Product Overview
9.7.3 Status Heating Hot Air System Product Market Performance
9.7.4 Status Heating Business Overview
9.7.5 Status Heating Recent Developments
9.8 B.A.C. Systems
9.8.1 B.A.C. Systems Hot Air System Basic Information
9.8.2 B.A.C. Systems Hot Air System Product Overview
9.8.3 B.A.C. Systems Hot Air System Product Market Performance
9.8.4 B.A.C. Systems Business Overview
9.8.5 B.A.C. Systems Recent Developments
9.9 Powrmatic
9.9.1 Powrmatic Hot Air System Basic Information
9.9.2 Powrmatic Hot Air System Product Overview
9.9.3 Powrmatic Hot Air System Product Market Performance
9.9.4 Powrmatic Business Overview
9.9.5 Powrmatic Recent Developments
9.10 HeatTek
9.10.1 HeatTek Hot Air System Basic Information
9.10.2 HeatTek Hot Air System Product Overview
9.10.3 HeatTek Hot Air System Product Market Performance
9.10.4 HeatTek Business Overview
9.10.5 HeatTek Recent Developments
9.11 Atmostherm Limited
9.11.1 Atmostherm Limited Hot Air System Basic Information
9.11.2 Atmostherm Limited Hot Air System Product Overview
9.11.3 Atmostherm Limited Hot Air System Product Market Performance
9.11.4 Atmostherm Limited Business Overview
9.11.5 Atmostherm Limited Recent Developments
10 Hot Air System Market Forecast by Region
10.1 Global Hot Air System Market Size Forecast
10.2 Global Hot Air System Market Forecast by Region
10.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.2 Europe Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.3 Asia Pacific Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Region
10.2.4 South America Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Hot Air System by Country
11 Forecast Market by Type and by Application (2025-2030)
11.1 Global Hot Air System Market Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Hot Air System by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.2 Global Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Hot Air System by Type (2025-2030)
11.2 Global Hot Air System Market Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
11.2.1 Global Hot Air System Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application
11.2.2 Global Hot Air System Market Size (M USD) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
12 Conclusion and Key Findings
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Introduction of the Type
Table 2. Introduction of the Application
Table 3. Market Size (M USD) Segment Executive Summary
Table 4. Hot Air System Market Size Comparison by Region (M USD)
Table 5. Global Hot Air System Sales (K Units) by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 6. Global Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 7. Global Hot Air System Revenue (M USD) by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 8. Global Hot Air System Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Hot Air System as of 2022)
Table 10. Global Market Hot Air System Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 11. Manufacturers Hot Air System Sales Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Hot Air System Product Type
Table 13. Global Hot Air System Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 15. Industry Chain Map of Hot Air System
Table 16. Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
Table 17. Midstream Market Analysis
Table 18. Downstream Customer Analysis
Table 19. Key Development Trends
Table 20. Driving Factors
Table 21. Hot Air System Market Challenges
Table 22. Global Hot Air System Sales by Type (K Units)
Table 23. Global Hot Air System Market Size by Type (M USD)
Table 24. Global Hot Air System Sales (K Units) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 25. Global Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Hot Air System Market Size (M USD) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 27. Global Hot Air System Market Size Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 28. Global Hot Air System Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 29. Global Hot Air System Sales (K Units) by Application
Table 30. Global Hot Air System Market Size by Application
Table 31. Global Hot Air System Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 33. Global Hot Air System Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 34. Global Hot Air System Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 35. Global Hot Air System Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Table 36. Global Hot Air System Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 37. Global Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 38. North America Hot Air System Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 39. Europe Hot Air System Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Hot Air System Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 41. South America Hot Air System Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 42. Middle East and Africa Hot Air System Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 43. REMKO GmbH Hot Air System Basic Information
Table 44. REMKO GmbH Hot Air System Product Overview
Table 45. REMKO GmbH Hot Air System Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 46. REMKO GmbH Business Overview
Table 47. REMKO GmbH Hot Air System SWOT Analysis
Table 48. REMKO GmbH Recent Developments
Table 49. Wilson Brothers Hot Air System Basic Information
Table 50. Wilson Brothers Hot Air System Product Overview
Table 51. Wilson Brothers Hot Air System Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 52. Wilson Brothers Business Overview
Table 53. Wilson Brothers Hot Air System SWOT Analysis
Table 54. Wilson Brothers Recent Developments
Table 55. Aire Serv Hot Air System Basic Information
Table 56. Aire Serv Hot Air System Product Overview
Table 57. Aire Serv Hot Air System Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 58. Aire Serv Hot Air System SWOT Analysis
Table 59. Aire Serv Business Overview
Table 60. Aire Serv Recent Developments
Table 61. United Air Tech Inds Hot Air System Basic Information
Table 62. United Air Tech Inds Hot Air System Product Overview
Table 63. United Air Tech Inds Hot Air System Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 64. United Air Tech Inds Business Overview
Table 65. United Air Tech Inds Recent Developments
Table 66. Carney Plumbing Heating and Cooling Hot Air System Basic Information
Table 67. Carney Plumbing Heating and Cooling Hot Air System Product Overview
Table 68. Carney Plumbing Heating and Cooling Hot Air System Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 69. Carney Plumbing Heating and Cooling Business Overview
Table 70. Carney Plumbing Heating and Cooling Recent Developments
Table 71. Alfatherm Hot Air System Basic Information
Table 72. Alfatherm Hot Air System Product Overview
Table 73. Alfatherm Hot Air System Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 74. Alfatherm Business Overview
Table 75. Alfatherm Recent Developments
Table 76. Status Heating Hot Air System Basic Information
Table 77. Status Heating Hot Air System Product Overview
Table 78. Status Heating Hot Air System Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 79. Status Heating Business Overview
Table 80. Status Heating Recent Developments
Table 81. B.A.C. Systems Hot Air System Basic Information
Table 82. B.A.C. Systems Hot Air System Product Overview
Table 83. B.A.C. Systems Hot Air System Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 84. B.A.C. Systems Business Overview
Table 85. B.A.C. Systems Recent Developments
Table 86. Powrmatic Hot Air System Basic Information
Table 87. Powrmatic Hot Air System Product Overview
Table 88. Powrmatic Hot Air System Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 89. Powrmatic Business Overview
Table 90. Powrmatic Recent Developments
Table 91. HeatTek Hot Air System Basic Information
Table 92. HeatTek Hot Air System Product Overview
Table 93. HeatTek Hot Air System Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 94. HeatTek Business Overview
Table 95. HeatTek Recent Developments
Table 96. Atmostherm Limited Hot Air System Basic Information
Table 97. Atmostherm Limited Hot Air System Product Overview
Table 98. Atmostherm Limited Hot Air System Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 99. Atmostherm Limited Business Overview
Table 100. Atmostherm Limited Recent Developments
Table 101. Global Hot Air System Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 102. Global Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 103. North America Hot Air System Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 104. North America Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 105. Europe Hot Air System Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 106. Europe Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 107. Asia Pacific Hot Air System Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 108. Asia Pacific Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 109. South America Hot Air System Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 110. South America Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 111. Middle East and Africa Hot Air System Consumption Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Units)
Table 112. Middle East and Africa Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 113. Global Hot Air System Sales Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 114. Global Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 115. Global Hot Air System Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (USD/Unit)
Table 116. Global Hot Air System Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Table 117. Global Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (M USD)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Hot Air System
Figure 2. Data Triangulation
Figure 3. Key Caveats
Figure 4. Global Hot Air System Market Size (M USD), 2019-2030
Figure 5. Global Hot Air System Market Size (M USD) (2019-2030)
Figure 6. Global Hot Air System Sales (K Units) & (2019-2030)
Figure 7. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 8. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 9. Evaluation Matrix of Regional Market Development Potential
Figure 10. Hot Air System Market Size by Country (M USD)
Figure 11. Hot Air System Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 12. Global Hot Air System Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 13. Hot Air System Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2023
Figure 14. Global Market Hot Air System Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 15. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Hot Air System Revenue in 2023
Figure 16. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 17. Global Hot Air System Market Share by Type
Figure 18. Sales Market Share of Hot Air System by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 19. Sales Market Share of Hot Air System by Type in 2023
Figure 20. Market Size Share of Hot Air System by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 21. Market Size Market Share of Hot Air System by Type in 2023
Figure 22. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 23. Global Hot Air System Market Share by Application
Figure 24. Global Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 25. Global Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 26. Global Hot Air System Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 27. Global Hot Air System Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 28. Global Hot Air System Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 29. Global Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Figure 30. North America Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 31. North America Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 32. U.S. Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 33. Canada Hot Air System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 34. Mexico Hot Air System Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 35. Europe Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 36. Europe Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 37. Germany Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 38. France Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 39. U.K. Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 40. Italy Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Russia Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 44. China Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 45. Japan Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 46. South Korea Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 47. India Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 49. South America Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)
Figure 50. South America Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 51. Brazil Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Argentina Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 53. Columbia Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 54. Middle East and Africa Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)
Figure 55. Middle East and Africa Hot Air System Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 56. Saudi Arabia Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 57. UAE Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 58. Egypt Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 59. Nigeria Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 60. South Africa Hot Air System Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 61. Global Hot Air System Sales Forecast by Volume (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 62. Global Hot Air System Market Size Forecast by Value (2019-2030) & (M USD)
Figure 63. Global Hot Air System Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 64. Global Hot Air System Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 65. Global Hot Air System Sales Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Figure 66. Global Hot Air System Market Share Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
