Interactive advertising can be defined as a form of advertising that uses a feedback information from the users for whom advertisement is made. The feedback information from the users helps the advertiser to improve their advertising techniques. Interactive advertising can be referred to as online advertising but can be implied to offline advertising as well.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Interactive Advertising, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Interactive Advertising. This report contains market size and forecasts of Interactive Advertising in global, including the following market information:
Global Interactive Advertising Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Interactive Advertising market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The key trends in interactive advertising market includes reaching to mass audience in less time, invention of latest technology that are convenient for users, emergence of innovative ideas that are going to benefit users and proficient use of smartphone to generate money. The study indicates, the factors such as increase in mobile users owing to usage of multiple channels and device that boost the interactive advertising market. The efficient use of media technologies and creation of personalization media portals are one of the most significant factors fuelling interactive advertising market. According to the study, the growing social media networks and online and offline internet integration are the prime factors boosting interactive advertising market.The interactive advertising market can be segmented on the basis of type, organization size and vertical. By type the interactive advertising market consists of mobile advertising, videos, internet, social media marketing, email marketing, sponsorship, blogging, widgets, and offline activation. Social media marketing is the most cost efficient digital marketing technique. It enhances business by increasing brand awareness. It helps enterprises to get engage with broad range of audience and increase the business visibility.
We surveyed the Interactive Advertising companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Interactive Advertising Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Interactive Advertising Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Online Interactive Advertising
Offline Interactive Advertising
Global Interactive Advertising Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Interactive Advertising Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Retail and Consumer Goods
BFSI
IT & Telecommunication
Media and Entertainment
Travel
Transportation
Supply Chain and Logistics
Healthcare
Energy & Power and Utilities
Global Interactive Advertising Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions)
Global Interactive Advertising Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Interactive Advertising revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Interactive Advertising revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Grey Advertising
Wieden+Kennedy
Butler
Shine
Stern & Partners
Ogilvy & Mather
BBDO
Crispin Porter + Bogusky
The Martin Agency
Deutsch
Droga5
Mullen Advertising
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Interactive Advertising, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Interactive Advertising market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Interactive Advertising company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Interactive Advertising in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Interactive Advertising Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Interactive Advertising Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Interactive Advertising Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Interactive Advertising Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Interactive Advertising Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Interactive Advertising Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Interactive Advertising Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Interactive Advertising Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Interactive Advertising Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Interactive Advertising Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Interactive Advertising Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Interactive Advertising Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Interactive Advertising Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Interactive Advertising Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Online Interactive Advertising
4.1.3 Offline Interactive Advertising
4.2 By Type - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Retail and Consumer Goods
5.1.3 BFSI
5.1.4 IT & Telecommunication
5.1.5 Media and Entertainment
5.1.6 Travel
5.1.7 Transportation
5.1.8 Supply Chain and Logistics
5.1.9 Healthcare
5.1.10 Energy & Power and Utilities
5.2 By Application - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2018-2029
6.3.2 US Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.3 Canada Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.4 Mexico Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 Germany Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.3 France Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 U.K. Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Italy Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.6 Russia Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.8 Benelux Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 China Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Japan Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 South Korea Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 India Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 Brazil Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.3 Argentina Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 Turkey Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Israel Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.5 UAE Interactive Advertising Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Interactive Advertising Companies Profiles
7.1 Grey Advertising
7.1.1 Grey Advertising Company Summary
7.1.2 Grey Advertising Business Overview
7.1.3 Grey Advertising Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Grey Advertising Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Grey Advertising Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Wieden+Kennedy
7.2.1 Wieden+Kennedy Company Summary
7.2.2 Wieden+Kennedy Business Overview
7.2.3 Wieden+Kennedy Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Wieden+Kennedy Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Wieden+Kennedy Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Butler
7.3.1 Butler Company Summary
7.3.2 Butler Business Overview
7.3.3 Butler Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Butler Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Butler Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Shine
7.4.1 Shine Company Summary
7.4.2 Shine Business Overview
7.4.3 Shine Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Shine Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Shine Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Stern & Partners
7.5.1 Stern & Partners Company Summary
7.5.2 Stern & Partners Business Overview
7.5.3 Stern & Partners Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Stern & Partners Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Stern & Partners Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Ogilvy & Mather
7.6.1 Ogilvy & Mather Company Summary
7.6.2 Ogilvy & Mather Business Overview
7.6.3 Ogilvy & Mather Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Ogilvy & Mather Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Ogilvy & Mather Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 BBDO
7.7.1 BBDO Company Summary
7.7.2 BBDO Business Overview
7.7.3 BBDO Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 BBDO Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 BBDO Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Crispin Porter + Bogusky
7.8.1 Crispin Porter + Bogusky Company Summary
7.8.2 Crispin Porter + Bogusky Business Overview
7.8.3 Crispin Porter + Bogusky Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Crispin Porter + Bogusky Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Crispin Porter + Bogusky Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 The Martin Agency
7.9.1 The Martin Agency Company Summary
7.9.2 The Martin Agency Business Overview
7.9.3 The Martin Agency Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 The Martin Agency Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 The Martin Agency Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Deutsch
7.10.1 Deutsch Company Summary
7.10.2 Deutsch Business Overview
7.10.3 Deutsch Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Deutsch Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Deutsch Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Droga5
7.11.1 Droga5 Company Summary
7.11.2 Droga5 Business Overview
7.11.3 Droga5 Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Droga5 Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Droga5 Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Mullen Advertising
7.12.1 Mullen Advertising Company Summary
7.12.2 Mullen Advertising Business Overview
7.12.3 Mullen Advertising Interactive Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Mullen Advertising Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Mullen Advertising Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Interactive Advertising Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Interactive Advertising Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Interactive Advertising Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Interactive Advertising in Global Market
Table 5. Top Interactive Advertising Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Interactive Advertising Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Interactive Advertising Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Interactive Advertising Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Interactive Advertising Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Interactive Advertising Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Application ? Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 15. By Application - Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Interactive Advertising Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 17. By Region ? Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 18. By Region - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 20. By Country - North America Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 22. By Country - Europe Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Asia Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - South America Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 30. Grey Advertising Company Summary
Table 31. Grey Advertising Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 32. Grey Advertising Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Grey Advertising Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Wieden+Kennedy Company Summary
Table 35. Wieden+Kennedy Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 36. Wieden+Kennedy Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Wieden+Kennedy Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Butler Company Summary
Table 39. Butler Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 40. Butler Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Butler Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Shine Company Summary
Table 43. Shine Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 44. Shine Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Shine Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Stern & Partners Company Summary
Table 47. Stern & Partners Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 48. Stern & Partners Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Stern & Partners Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Ogilvy & Mather Company Summary
Table 51. Ogilvy & Mather Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 52. Ogilvy & Mather Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Ogilvy & Mather Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. BBDO Company Summary
Table 55. BBDO Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 56. BBDO Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. BBDO Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Crispin Porter + Bogusky Company Summary
Table 59. Crispin Porter + Bogusky Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 60. Crispin Porter + Bogusky Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Crispin Porter + Bogusky Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. The Martin Agency Company Summary
Table 63. The Martin Agency Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 64. The Martin Agency Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. The Martin Agency Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Deutsch Company Summary
Table 67. Deutsch Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 68. Deutsch Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Deutsch Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Droga5 Company Summary
Table 71. Droga5 Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 72. Droga5 Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Droga5 Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Mullen Advertising Company Summary
Table 75. Mullen Advertising Interactive Advertising Product Offerings
Table 76. Mullen Advertising Interactive Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. Mullen Advertising Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Interactive Advertising Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Interactive Advertising Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Interactive Advertising Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Interactive Advertising Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Interactive Advertising Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 9. By Application - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Application - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 14. By Region - Global Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Country - North America Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. US Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 17. Canada Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 18. Mexico Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. Germany Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 21. France Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 22. U.K. Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 23. Italy Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Russia Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. Benelux Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. China Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. Japan Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. South Korea Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. India Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. By Country - South America Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 34. Brazil Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. Argentina Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Interactive Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. Turkey Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Israel Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. UAE Interactive Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. Grey Advertising Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Wieden+Kennedy Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Butler Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Shine Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Stern & Partners Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Ogilvy & Mather Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. BBDO Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Crispin Porter + Bogusky Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. The Martin Agency Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Deutsch Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Droga5 Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Mullen Advertising Interactive Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
