Mobile payment?(also referred to as?mobile?money,mobile?money transfer, and?mobile?wallet) generally refer to?payment?services operated under financial regulation and performed from or via a?mobile?device.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Mobile Payment, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Mobile Payment. This report contains market size and forecasts of Mobile Payment in global, including the following market information:
Global Mobile Payment Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Mobile Payment market was valued at US$ 67210 million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ 178840 million by 2029, at a CAGR of 15.0% during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
Mobile payments are an increasingly attractive way to pay because they?re secure, fast, and convenient.
We surveyed the Mobile Payment companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Mobile Payment Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Mobile Payment Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Near-field Communication (NFC) Payments
Sound Waves-based Payments
Magnetic Secure Transmission (MST) Payments
Global Mobile Payment Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Mobile Payment Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Personal User
Business Users
Global Mobile Payment Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions)
Global Mobile Payment Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Mobile Payment revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Mobile Payment revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
WeChat Pay
Alipay
PayPal
Apple Pay
WePay
Verifone
Samsung Pay
PlaySpan
PayStand
Payoneer
Paymentwall
Heartland Payment Systems
First Data
Amazon Pay
Stripe
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Mobile Payment, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Mobile Payment market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Mobile Payment company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Mobile Payment in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Mobile Payment Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Mobile Payment Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Mobile Payment Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Mobile Payment Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Mobile Payment Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Mobile Payment Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Mobile Payment Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Mobile Payment Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Mobile Payment Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Mobile Payment Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Mobile Payment Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Mobile Payment Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Mobile Payment Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Mobile Payment Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Near-field Communication (NFC) Payments
4.1.3 Sound Waves-based Payments
4.1.4 Magnetic Secure Transmission (MST) Payments
4.2 By Type - Global Mobile Payment Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Mobile Payment Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Mobile Payment Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Mobile Payment Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Personal User
5.1.3 Business Users
5.2 By Application - Global Mobile Payment Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Mobile Payment Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Mobile Payment Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Mobile Payment Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global Mobile Payment Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Mobile Payment Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Mobile Payment Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Mobile Payment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.3.2 US Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.3 Canada Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.4 Mexico Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Mobile Payment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 Germany Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.3 France Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 U.K. Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Italy Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.6 Russia Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.8 Benelux Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Mobile Payment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 China Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Japan Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 South Korea Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 India Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Mobile Payment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 Brazil Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.3 Argentina Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Mobile Payment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 Turkey Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Israel Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.5 UAE Mobile Payment Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Mobile Payment Companies Profiles
7.1 WeChat Pay
7.1.1 WeChat Pay Company Summary
7.1.2 WeChat Pay Business Overview
7.1.3 WeChat Pay Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 WeChat Pay Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 WeChat Pay Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Alipay
7.2.1 Alipay Company Summary
7.2.2 Alipay Business Overview
7.2.3 Alipay Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Alipay Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Alipay Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 PayPal
7.3.1 PayPal Company Summary
7.3.2 PayPal Business Overview
7.3.3 PayPal Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 PayPal Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 PayPal Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Apple Pay
7.4.1 Apple Pay Company Summary
7.4.2 Apple Pay Business Overview
7.4.3 Apple Pay Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Apple Pay Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Apple Pay Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 WePay
7.5.1 WePay Company Summary
7.5.2 WePay Business Overview
7.5.3 WePay Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 WePay Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 WePay Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Verifone
7.6.1 Verifone Company Summary
7.6.2 Verifone Business Overview
7.6.3 Verifone Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Verifone Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Verifone Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Samsung Pay
7.7.1 Samsung Pay Company Summary
7.7.2 Samsung Pay Business Overview
7.7.3 Samsung Pay Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Samsung Pay Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Samsung Pay Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 PlaySpan
7.8.1 PlaySpan Company Summary
7.8.2 PlaySpan Business Overview
7.8.3 PlaySpan Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 PlaySpan Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 PlaySpan Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 PayStand
7.9.1 PayStand Company Summary
7.9.2 PayStand Business Overview
7.9.3 PayStand Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 PayStand Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 PayStand Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Payoneer
7.10.1 Payoneer Company Summary
7.10.2 Payoneer Business Overview
7.10.3 Payoneer Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Payoneer Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Payoneer Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Paymentwall
7.11.1 Paymentwall Company Summary
7.11.2 Paymentwall Business Overview
7.11.3 Paymentwall Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Paymentwall Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Paymentwall Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Heartland Payment Systems
7.12.1 Heartland Payment Systems Company Summary
7.12.2 Heartland Payment Systems Business Overview
7.12.3 Heartland Payment Systems Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Heartland Payment Systems Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Heartland Payment Systems Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 First Data
7.13.1 First Data Company Summary
7.13.2 First Data Business Overview
7.13.3 First Data Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 First Data Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 First Data Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 Amazon Pay
7.14.1 Amazon Pay Company Summary
7.14.2 Amazon Pay Business Overview
7.14.3 Amazon Pay Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 Amazon Pay Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.14.5 Amazon Pay Key News & Latest Developments
7.15 Stripe
7.15.1 Stripe Company Summary
7.15.2 Stripe Business Overview
7.15.3 Stripe Mobile Payment Major Product Offerings
7.15.4 Stripe Mobile Payment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.15.5 Stripe Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Mobile Payment Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Mobile Payment Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Mobile Payment Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Mobile Payment in Global Market
Table 5. Top Mobile Payment Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Mobile Payment Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Mobile Payment Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Mobile Payment Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Mobile Payment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Mobile Payment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Mobile Payment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Mobile Payment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Application ? Global Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 15. By Application - Mobile Payment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Mobile Payment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 17. By Region ? Global Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 18. By Region - Global Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 20. By Country - North America Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 22. By Country - Europe Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Asia Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - South America Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 30. WeChat Pay Company Summary
Table 31. WeChat Pay Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 32. WeChat Pay Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. WeChat Pay Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Alipay Company Summary
Table 35. Alipay Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 36. Alipay Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Alipay Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. PayPal Company Summary
Table 39. PayPal Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 40. PayPal Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. PayPal Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Apple Pay Company Summary
Table 43. Apple Pay Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 44. Apple Pay Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Apple Pay Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. WePay Company Summary
Table 47. WePay Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 48. WePay Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. WePay Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Verifone Company Summary
Table 51. Verifone Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 52. Verifone Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Verifone Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Samsung Pay Company Summary
Table 55. Samsung Pay Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 56. Samsung Pay Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. Samsung Pay Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. PlaySpan Company Summary
Table 59. PlaySpan Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 60. PlaySpan Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. PlaySpan Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. PayStand Company Summary
Table 63. PayStand Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 64. PayStand Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. PayStand Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Payoneer Company Summary
Table 67. Payoneer Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 68. Payoneer Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Payoneer Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Paymentwall Company Summary
Table 71. Paymentwall Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 72. Paymentwall Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Paymentwall Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Heartland Payment Systems Company Summary
Table 75. Heartland Payment Systems Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 76. Heartland Payment Systems Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. Heartland Payment Systems Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. First Data Company Summary
Table 79. First Data Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 80. First Data Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. First Data Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Amazon Pay Company Summary
Table 83. Amazon Pay Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 84. Amazon Pay Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 85. Amazon Pay Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. Stripe Company Summary
Table 87. Stripe Mobile Payment Product Offerings
Table 88. Stripe Mobile Payment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 89. Stripe Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Mobile Payment Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Mobile Payment Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Mobile Payment Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Mobile Payment Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Mobile Payment Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Mobile Payment Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 9. By Application - Global Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Application - Global Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 14. By Region - Global Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Country - North America Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. US Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 17. Canada Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 18. Mexico Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. Germany Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 21. France Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 22. U.K. Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 23. Italy Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Russia Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. Benelux Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. China Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. Japan Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. South Korea Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. India Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. By Country - South America Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 34. Brazil Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. Argentina Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mobile Payment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. Turkey Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Israel Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. UAE Mobile Payment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. WeChat Pay Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Alipay Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. PayPal Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Apple Pay Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. WePay Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Verifone Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Samsung Pay Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. PlaySpan Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. PayStand Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Payoneer Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Paymentwall Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Heartland Payment Systems Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. First Data Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 54. Amazon Pay Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 55. Stripe Mobile Payment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
