This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Narrowbody Engine, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Narrowbody Engine. This report contains market size and forecasts of Narrowbody Engine in global, including the following market information:
Global Narrowbody Engine Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, ($ millions)
Global Narrowbody Engine Market Sales, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, (Units)
Global top five Narrowbody Engine companies in 2022 (%)
The global Narrowbody Engine market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million.
Turbojet Engines Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Narrowbody Engine include Safran, MTU Aero Engines, Pratt & Whitney and Rolls-Royce, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Narrowbody Engine manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Narrowbody Engine Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions) & (Units)
Global Narrowbody Engine Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Turbojet Engines
Turbofan Engines
Turboprop Engines
Global Narrowbody Engine Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions) & (Units)
Global Narrowbody Engine Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Small Aircraft (Below 150 Seating Capacity)
Large Aircraft (Above 150 Seating Capacity)
Global Narrowbody Engine Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions) & (Units)
Global Narrowbody Engine Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Narrowbody Engine revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Narrowbody Engine revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Key companies Narrowbody Engine sales in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), (Units)
Key companies Narrowbody Engine sales share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Safran
MTU Aero Engines
Pratt & Whitney
Rolls-Royce
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Narrowbody Engine, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Narrowbody Engine market size in revenue and volume.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Narrowbody Engine manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Narrowbody Engine in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Global Narrowbody Engine capacity by region & country.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Narrowbody Engine Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Narrowbody Engine Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Narrowbody Engine Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Narrowbody Engine Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Narrowbody Engine Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Narrowbody Engine Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Narrowbody Engine Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Narrowbody Engine Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Narrowbody Engine Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Narrowbody Engine Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Narrowbody Engine Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Narrowbody Engine Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Narrowbody Engine Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Narrowbody Engine Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Turbojet Engines
4.1.3 Turbofan Engines
4.1.4 Turboprop Engines
4.2 By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Small Aircraft (Below 150 Seating Capacity)
5.1.3 Large Aircraft (Above 150 Seating Capacity)
5.2 By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country - North America Narrowbody Engine Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Narrowbody Engine Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Narrowbody Engine Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country - South America Narrowbody Engine Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Narrowbody Engine Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Narrowbody Engine Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Safran
7.1.1 Safran Company Summary
7.1.2 Safran Business Overview
7.1.3 Safran Narrowbody Engine Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Safran Narrowbody Engine Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Safran Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 MTU Aero Engines
7.2.1 MTU Aero Engines Company Summary
7.2.2 MTU Aero Engines Business Overview
7.2.3 MTU Aero Engines Narrowbody Engine Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 MTU Aero Engines Narrowbody Engine Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 MTU Aero Engines Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Pratt & Whitney
7.3.1 Pratt & Whitney Company Summary
7.3.2 Pratt & Whitney Business Overview
7.3.3 Pratt & Whitney Narrowbody Engine Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Pratt & Whitney Narrowbody Engine Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Pratt & Whitney Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Rolls-Royce
7.4.1 Rolls-Royce Company Summary
7.4.2 Rolls-Royce Business Overview
7.4.3 Rolls-Royce Narrowbody Engine Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Rolls-Royce Narrowbody Engine Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Rolls-Royce Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Narrowbody Engine Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Narrowbody Engine Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Narrowbody Engine Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Narrowbody Engine Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Narrowbody Engine Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Narrowbody Engine Industry Value Chain
10.2 Narrowbody Engine Upstream Market
10.3 Narrowbody Engine Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Narrowbody Engine Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Narrowbody Engine in Global Market
Table 2. Top Narrowbody Engine Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Narrowbody Engine Sales by Companies, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Narrowbody Engine Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Narrowbody Engine Price (2018-2023) & (K USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Narrowbody Engine Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Narrowbody Engine Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Narrowbody Engine Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales (Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales (Units), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application ? Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales (Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales (Units), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region ? Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales (Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales (Units), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Narrowbody Engine Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Narrowbody Engine Sales, (Units), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Narrowbody Engine Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Narrowbody Engine Sales, (Units), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Narrowbody Engine Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Narrowbody Engine Sales, (Units), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Narrowbody Engine Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Narrowbody Engine Sales, (Units), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Narrowbody Engine Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Narrowbody Engine Sales, (Units), 2024-2029
Table 46. Safran Company Summary
Table 47. Safran Narrowbody Engine Product Offerings
Table 48. Safran Narrowbody Engine Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (K USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Safran Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. MTU Aero Engines Company Summary
Table 51. MTU Aero Engines Narrowbody Engine Product Offerings
Table 52. MTU Aero Engines Narrowbody Engine Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (K USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. MTU Aero Engines Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Pratt & Whitney Company Summary
Table 55. Pratt & Whitney Narrowbody Engine Product Offerings
Table 56. Pratt & Whitney Narrowbody Engine Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (K USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Pratt & Whitney Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Rolls-Royce Company Summary
Table 59. Rolls-Royce Narrowbody Engine Product Offerings
Table 60. Rolls-Royce Narrowbody Engine Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (K USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Rolls-Royce Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Narrowbody Engine Production Capacity (Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (Units)
Table 63. Global Narrowbody Engine Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 64. Global Narrowbody Engine Production by Region, 2018-2023 (Units)
Table 65. Global Narrowbody Engine Production by Region, 2024-2029 (Units)
Table 66. Narrowbody Engine Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 67. Narrowbody Engine Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 68. Narrowbody Engine Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 69. Narrowbody Engine Raw Materials
Table 70. Narrowbody Engine Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 71. Typical Narrowbody Engine Downstream
Table 72. Narrowbody Engine Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 73. Narrowbody Engine Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Narrowbody Engine Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Narrowbody Engine Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Narrowbody Engine Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Narrowbody Engine Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Narrowbody Engine Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Narrowbody Engine Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Narrowbody Engine Price (K USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Narrowbody Engine Price (K USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Narrowbody Engine Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Narrowbody Engine Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Narrowbody Engine Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Narrowbody Engine Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Narrowbody Engine Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Narrowbody Engine Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Narrowbody Engine Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Narrowbody Engine Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Narrowbody Engine Production Capacity (Units), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Narrowbody Engine by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Narrowbody Engine Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels
