Report Overview
Normally, core body temperature falls between 96.8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
1 Research Methodology and Statistical Scope
1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Patient Temperature Management Systems
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.2.1 Patient Temperature Management Systems Segment by Type
1.2.2 Patient Temperature Management Systems Segment by Application
1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.3.1 Research Methodology
1.3.2 Research Process
1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
1.3.4 Base Year
1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Overview
2.1 Global Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size (M USD) Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2032)
2.1.2 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2032)
2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary
2.3 Global Market Size by Region
3 Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Competitive Landscape
3.1 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
3.2 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
3.3 Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.4 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
3.5 Manufacturers Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3.6 Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.6.1 Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Concentration Rate
3.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Patient Temperature Management Systems Players Market Share by Revenue
3.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 Patient Temperature Management Systems Industry Chain Analysis
4.1 Patient Temperature Management Systems Industry Chain Analysis
4.2 Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
4.3 Midstream Market Analysis
4.4 Downstream Customer Analysis
5 The Development and Dynamics of Patient Temperature Management Systems Market
5.1 Key Development Trends
5.2 Driving Factors
5.3 Market Challenges
5.4 Market Restraints
5.5 Industry News
5.5.1 New Product Developments
5.5.2 Mergers & Acquisitions
5.5.3 Expansions
5.5.4 Collaboration/Supply Contracts
5.6 Industry Policies
6 Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Segmentation by Type
6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
6.2 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2025)
6.3 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2025)
6.4 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Price by Type (2019-2025)
7 Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Segmentation by Application
7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
7.2 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Sales by Application (2019-2025)
7.3 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size (M USD) by Application (2019-2025)
7.4 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2025)
8 Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Consumption by Region
8.1 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Region
8.1.1 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Region
8.1.2 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Region
8.2 North America
8.2.1 North America Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Country
8.2.2 U.S.
8.2.3 Canada
8.2.4 Mexico
8.3 Europe
8.3.1 Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Country
8.3.2 Germany
8.3.3 France
8.3.4 U.K.
8.3.5 Italy
8.3.6 Russia
8.4 Asia Pacific
8.4.1 Asia Pacific Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Region
8.4.2 China
8.4.3 Japan
8.4.4 South Korea
8.4.5 India
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.5 South America
8.5.1 South America Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Country
8.5.2 Brazil
8.5.3 Argentina
8.5.4 Columbia
8.6 Middle East and Africa
8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Region
8.6.2 Saudi Arabia
8.6.3 UAE
8.6.4 Egypt
8.6.5 Nigeria
8.6.6 South Africa
9 Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Production by Region
9.1 Global Production of Patient Temperature Management Systems by Region (2019-2025)
9.2 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2025)
9.3 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
9.4 North America Patient Temperature Management Systems Production
9.4.1 North America Patient Temperature Management Systems Production Growth Rate (2019-2025)
9.4.2 North America Patient Temperature Management Systems Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
9.5 Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Production
9.5.1 Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Production Growth Rate (2019-2025)
9.5.2 Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
9.6 Japan Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (2019-2025)
9.6.1 Japan Patient Temperature Management Systems Production Growth Rate (2019-2025)
9.6.2 Japan Patient Temperature Management Systems Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
9.7 China Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (2019-2025)
9.7.1 China Patient Temperature Management Systems Production Growth Rate (2019-2025)
9.7.2 China Patient Temperature Management Systems Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
10 Key Companies Profile
10.1 3M
10.1.1 3M Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
10.1.2 3M Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
10.1.3 3M Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Market Performance
10.1.4 3M Business Overview
10.1.5 3M Patient Temperature Management Systems SWOT Analysis
10.1.6 3M Recent Developments
10.2 BD
10.2.1 BD Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
10.2.2 BD Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
10.2.3 BD Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Market Performance
10.2.4 BD Business Overview
10.2.5 BD Patient Temperature Management Systems SWOT Analysis
10.2.6 BD Recent Developments
10.3 Medtronic
10.3.1 Medtronic Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
10.3.2 Medtronic Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
10.3.3 Medtronic Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Market Performance
10.3.4 Medtronic Patient Temperature Management Systems SWOT Analysis
10.3.5 Medtronic Business Overview
10.3.6 Medtronic Recent Developments
10.4 Smiths Medical
10.4.1 Smiths Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
10.4.2 Smiths Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
10.4.3 Smiths Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Market Performance
10.4.4 Smiths Medical Business Overview
10.4.5 Smiths Medical Recent Developments
10.5 Stryker
10.5.1 Stryker Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
10.5.2 Stryker Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
10.5.3 Stryker Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Market Performance
10.5.4 Stryker Business Overview
10.5.5 Stryker Recent Developments
10.6 ZOLL Medical
10.6.1 ZOLL Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
10.6.2 ZOLL Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
10.6.3 ZOLL Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Market Performance
10.6.4 ZOLL Medical Business Overview
10.6.5 ZOLL Medical Recent Developments
11 Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Forecast by Region
11.1 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast
11.2 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Forecast by Region
11.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country
11.2.2 Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Country
11.2.3 Asia Pacific Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Region
11.2.4 South America Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Country
11.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Patient Temperature Management Systems by Country
12 Forecast Market by Type and by Application (2025-2032)
12.1 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Forecast by Type (2025-2032)
12.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Patient Temperature Management Systems by Type (2025-2032)
12.1.2 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2032)
12.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Patient Temperature Management Systems by Type (2025-2032)
12.2 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Forecast by Application (2025-2032)
12.2.1 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application
12.2.2 Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size (M USD) Forecast by Application (2025-2032)
13 Conclusion and Key Findings
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Introduction of the Type
Table 2. Introduction of the Application
Table 3. Market Size (M USD) Segment Executive Summary
Table 4. Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Comparison by Region (M USD)
Table 5. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units) by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
Table 6. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
Table 7. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Revenue (M USD) by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
Table 8. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Patient Temperature Management Systems as of 2022)
Table 10. Global Market Patient Temperature Management Systems Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2019-2025)
Table 11. Manufacturers Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Type
Table 13. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 15. Industry Chain Map of Patient Temperature Management Systems
Table 16. Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
Table 17. Midstream Market Analysis
Table 18. Downstream Customer Analysis
Table 19. Key Development Trends
Table 20. Driving Factors
Table 21. Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Challenges
Table 22. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Type (K Units)
Table 23. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size by Type (M USD)
Table 24. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units) by Type (2019-2025)
Table 25. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2025)
Table 26. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size (M USD) by Type (2019-2025)
Table 27. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Share by Type (2019-2025)
Table 28. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2019-2025)
Table 29. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units) by Application
Table 30. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size by Application
Table 31. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Application (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
Table 33. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Application (2019-2025) & (M USD)
Table 34. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
Table 35. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2025)
Table 36. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Region (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Table 37. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2025)
Table 38. North America Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Country (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Table 39. Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Country (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Region (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Table 41. South America Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Country (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Table 42. Middle East and Africa Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales by Region (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Table 43. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (K Units) by Region (2019-2025)
Table 44. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2019-2025)
Table 45. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2025)
Table 46. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 47. North America Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 48. Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 49. Japan Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 50. China Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 51. 3M Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
Table 52. 3M Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
Table 53. 3M Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 54. 3M Business Overview
Table 55. 3M Patient Temperature Management Systems SWOT Analysis
Table 56. 3M Recent Developments
Table 57. BD Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
Table 58. BD Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
Table 59. BD Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 60. BD Business Overview
Table 61. BD Patient Temperature Management Systems SWOT Analysis
Table 62. BD Recent Developments
Table 63. Medtronic Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
Table 64. Medtronic Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
Table 65. Medtronic Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 66. Medtronic Patient Temperature Management Systems SWOT Analysis
Table 67. Medtronic Business Overview
Table 68. Medtronic Recent Developments
Table 69. Smiths Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
Table 70. Smiths Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
Table 71. Smiths Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 72. Smiths Medical Business Overview
Table 73. Smiths Medical Recent Developments
Table 74. Stryker Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
Table 75. Stryker Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
Table 76. Stryker Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 77. Stryker Business Overview
Table 78. Stryker Recent Developments
Table 79. ZOLL Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Basic Information
Table 80. ZOLL Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Product Overview
Table 81. ZOLL Medical Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 82. ZOLL Medical Business Overview
Table 83. ZOLL Medical Recent Developments
Table 84. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2032) & (K Units)
Table 85. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2032) & (M USD)
Table 86. North America Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2032) & (K Units)
Table 87. North America Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2032) & (M USD)
Table 88. Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2032) & (K Units)
Table 89. Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2032) & (M USD)
Table 90. Asia Pacific Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2032) & (K Units)
Table 91. Asia Pacific Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2032) & (M USD)
Table 92. South America Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2032) & (K Units)
Table 93. South America Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2032) & (M USD)
Table 94. Middle East and Africa Patient Temperature Management Systems Consumption Forecast by Country (2025-2032) & (Units)
Table 95. Middle East and Africa Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2032) & (M USD)
Table 96. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Forecast by Type (2025-2032) & (K Units)
Table 97. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2032) & (M USD)
Table 98. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Price Forecast by Type (2025-2032) & (USD/Unit)
Table 99. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2025-2032)
Table 100. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Application (2025-2032) & (M USD)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Patient Temperature Management Systems
Figure 2. Data Triangulation
Figure 3. Key Caveats
Figure 4. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size (M USD), 2019-2032
Figure 5. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size (M USD) (2019-2032)
Figure 6. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units) & (2019-2032)
Figure 7. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 8. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 9. Evaluation Matrix of Regional Market Development Potential
Figure 10. Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size by Country (M USD)
Figure 11. Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 12. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 13. Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2023
Figure 14. Global Market Patient Temperature Management Systems Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 15. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Patient Temperature Management Systems Revenue in 2023
Figure 16. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 17. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Share by Type
Figure 18. Sales Market Share of Patient Temperature Management Systems by Type (2019-2025)
Figure 19. Sales Market Share of Patient Temperature Management Systems by Type in 2023
Figure 20. Market Size Share of Patient Temperature Management Systems by Type (2019-2025)
Figure 21. Market Size Market Share of Patient Temperature Management Systems by Type in 2023
Figure 22. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 23. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Share by Application
Figure 24. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
Figure 25. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 26. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
Figure 27. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 28. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2025)
Figure 29. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2025)
Figure 30. North America Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 31. North America Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 32. U.S. Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 33. Canada Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2025)
Figure 34. Mexico Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2025)
Figure 35. Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 36. Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 37. Germany Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 38. France Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 39. U.K. Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 40. Italy Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Russia Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 44. China Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 45. Japan Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 46. South Korea Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 47. India Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 49. South America Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)
Figure 50. South America Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 51. Brazil Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Argentina Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 53. Columbia Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 54. Middle East and Africa Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)
Figure 55. Middle East and Africa Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 56. Saudi Arabia Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 57. UAE Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 58. Egypt Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 59. Nigeria Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 60. South Africa Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (K Units)
Figure 61. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Production Market Share by Region (2019-2025)
Figure 62. North America Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2019-2025)
Figure 63. Europe Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2019-2025)
Figure 64. Japan Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2019-2025)
Figure 65. China Patient Temperature Management Systems Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2019-2025)
Figure 66. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Forecast by Volume (2019-2032) & (K Units)
Figure 67. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Size Forecast by Value (2019-2032) & (M USD)
Figure 68. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2032)
Figure 69. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2032)
Figure 70. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Sales Forecast by Application (2025-2032)
Figure 71. Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Share Forecast by Application (2025-2032)
