Placental stem cells are cells derived from the placental blood and other body fluids of a new-born baby. Stem cells are human cells classified into a different variety of cell types, including brain and muscle cells. Stem cells are sometimes used in the development of regenerative therapies. Regenerative medicine represents a category of scientific alternatives to stem cell therapy (such as tissue regeneration). These treatments include the capacity to regenerate human cells, tissues, or organs to return the body to healthy working. Stem cell therapies are used to cure and improve diseases like spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, and diabetes.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Placental Stem Cell Therapy, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Placental Stem Cell Therapy. This report contains market size and forecasts of Placental Stem Cell Therapy in global, including the following market information:
Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2030, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Placental Stem Cell Therapy market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Hematologic Malignancies and Disorders Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Placental Stem Cell Therapy include Lifebank Stem Cell Banking, Cynata, Celularity, Athersys, Americord Registry, ReNeuron Group, ReeLabs, Mesoblast and Pluristem Therapeutics, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Placental Stem Cell Therapy companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Hematologic Malignancies and Disorders
Congenital Immunodeficiency Disorders
Metabolic Disorders
Neurological Disorders
Others
Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Hospitals and Specialty Clinics
Clinical Research Organizations
Research Institutes and Academies
Others
Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions)
Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Placental Stem Cell Therapy revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Placental Stem Cell Therapy revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Lifebank Stem Cell Banking
Cynata
Celularity
Athersys
Americord Registry
ReNeuron Group
ReeLabs
Mesoblast
Pluristem Therapeutics
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Placental Stem Cell Therapy, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Placental Stem Cell Therapy company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Placental Stem Cell Therapy in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Placental Stem Cell Therapy Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Placental Stem Cell Therapy Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Placental Stem Cell Therapy Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Placental Stem Cell Therapy Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Placental Stem Cell Therapy Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Placental Stem Cell Therapy Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Hematologic Malignancies and Disorders
4.1.3 Congenital Immunodeficiency Disorders
4.1.4 Metabolic Disorders
4.1.5 Neurological Disorders
4.1.6 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Hospitals and Specialty Clinics
5.1.3 Clinical Research Organizations
5.1.4 Research Institutes and Academies
5.1.5 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2018-2030
6.3.2 US Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.3 Canada Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 Germany Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.3 France Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Italy Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.6 Russia Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 China Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Japan Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 India Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Israel Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.5 UAE Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Placental Stem Cell Therapy Companies Profiles
7.1 Lifebank Stem Cell Banking
7.1.1 Lifebank Stem Cell Banking Company Summary
7.1.2 Lifebank Stem Cell Banking Business Overview
7.1.3 Lifebank Stem Cell Banking Placental Stem Cell Therapy Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Lifebank Stem Cell Banking Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Lifebank Stem Cell Banking Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Cynata
7.2.1 Cynata Company Summary
7.2.2 Cynata Business Overview
7.2.3 Cynata Placental Stem Cell Therapy Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Cynata Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Cynata Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Celularity
7.3.1 Celularity Company Summary
7.3.2 Celularity Business Overview
7.3.3 Celularity Placental Stem Cell Therapy Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Celularity Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Celularity Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Athersys
7.4.1 Athersys Company Summary
7.4.2 Athersys Business Overview
7.4.3 Athersys Placental Stem Cell Therapy Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Athersys Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Athersys Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Americord Registry
7.5.1 Americord Registry Company Summary
7.5.2 Americord Registry Business Overview
7.5.3 Americord Registry Placental Stem Cell Therapy Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Americord Registry Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Americord Registry Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 ReNeuron Group
7.6.1 ReNeuron Group Company Summary
7.6.2 ReNeuron Group Business Overview
7.6.3 ReNeuron Group Placental Stem Cell Therapy Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 ReNeuron Group Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 ReNeuron Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 ReeLabs
7.7.1 ReeLabs Company Summary
7.7.2 ReeLabs Business Overview
7.7.3 ReeLabs Placental Stem Cell Therapy Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 ReeLabs Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 ReeLabs Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Mesoblast
7.8.1 Mesoblast Company Summary
7.8.2 Mesoblast Business Overview
7.8.3 Mesoblast Placental Stem Cell Therapy Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Mesoblast Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Mesoblast Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Pluristem Therapeutics
7.9.1 Pluristem Therapeutics Company Summary
7.9.2 Pluristem Therapeutics Business Overview
7.9.3 Pluristem Therapeutics Placental Stem Cell Therapy Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Pluristem Therapeutics Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Pluristem Therapeutics Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Placental Stem Cell Therapy in Global Market
Table 5. Top Placental Stem Cell Therapy Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Placental Stem Cell Therapy Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Placental Stem Cell Therapy Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Placental Stem Cell Therapy Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 30. Lifebank Stem Cell Banking Company Summary
Table 31. Lifebank Stem Cell Banking Placental Stem Cell Therapy Product Offerings
Table 32. Lifebank Stem Cell Banking Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Lifebank Stem Cell Banking Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Cynata Company Summary
Table 35. Cynata Placental Stem Cell Therapy Product Offerings
Table 36. Cynata Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Cynata Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Celularity Company Summary
Table 39. Celularity Placental Stem Cell Therapy Product Offerings
Table 40. Celularity Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Celularity Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Athersys Company Summary
Table 43. Athersys Placental Stem Cell Therapy Product Offerings
Table 44. Athersys Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Athersys Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Americord Registry Company Summary
Table 47. Americord Registry Placental Stem Cell Therapy Product Offerings
Table 48. Americord Registry Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Americord Registry Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. ReNeuron Group Company Summary
Table 51. ReNeuron Group Placental Stem Cell Therapy Product Offerings
Table 52. ReNeuron Group Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. ReNeuron Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. ReeLabs Company Summary
Table 55. ReeLabs Placental Stem Cell Therapy Product Offerings
Table 56. ReeLabs Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. ReeLabs Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Mesoblast Company Summary
Table 59. Mesoblast Placental Stem Cell Therapy Product Offerings
Table 60. Mesoblast Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Mesoblast Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Pluristem Therapeutics Company Summary
Table 63. Pluristem Therapeutics Placental Stem Cell Therapy Product Offerings
Table 64. Pluristem Therapeutics Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Pluristem Therapeutics Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Placental Stem Cell Therapy Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Placental Stem Cell Therapy Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. US Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 17. Canada Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. Germany Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. France Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 23. Italy Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Russia Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. China Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Japan Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. India Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Israel Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. UAE Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. Lifebank Stem Cell Banking Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Cynata Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Celularity Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Athersys Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Americord Registry Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. ReNeuron Group Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. ReeLabs Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Mesoblast Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Pluristem Therapeutics Placental Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
