The global Slag Remover market size was valued at US$ 245.6 million in 2024 and is projected to reach US$ 323.4 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
The United States Slag Remover market size was valued at US$ 64.5 million in 2024 and is projected to reach US$ 82.8 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 4.2% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
Chemical products and equipment designed for removing slag and impurities in metallurgical processes, improving metal quality and process efficiency.
Report Overview
It is mainly used to remove slag from molten metal.
This report provides a deep insight into the global Slag Remover market covering all its essential aspects. This ranges from a macro overview of the market to micro details of the market size, competitive landscape, development trend, niche market, key market drivers and challenges, SWOT analysis, value chain analysis, etc.
The analysis helps the reader to shape the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. Furthermore, it provides a simple framework for evaluating and accessing the position of the business organization. The report structure also focuses on the competitive landscape of the Global Slag Remover Market, this report introduces in detail the market share, market performance, product situation, operation situation, etc. of the main players, which helps the readers in the industry to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
In a word, this report is a must-read for industry players, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the Slag Remover market in any manner.
Global Slag Remover Market: Market Segmentation Analysis
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), manufacturers, Type, and Application. Market segmentation creates subsets of a market based on product type, end-user or application, Geographic, and other factors. By understanding the market segments, the decision-maker can leverage this targeting in the product, sales, and marketing strategies. Market segments can power your product development cycles by informing how you create product offerings for different segments.
Key Company
IshikawaLite Industry
Haewon FM
KAGALITE KOGYO
FSK Foundry Materials
Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy
Huijin Group
Yuzhong New Materials
Market Segmentation (by Type)
10-16 Mesh
17-30 Mesh
30-60 Mesh
Other
Market Segmentation (by Application)
Stainless Steel
Cast Steel
Cast Iron
Other
Geographic Segmentation
North America (USA, Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Rest of Asia-Pacific)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Rest of South America)
The Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Rest of MEA)
Key Benefits of This Market Research:
Industry drivers, restraints, and opportunities covered in the study
Neutral perspective on the market performance
Recent industry trends and developments
Competitive landscape & strategies of key players
Potential & niche segments and regions exhibiting promising growth covered
Historical, current, and projected market size, in terms of value
In-depth analysis of the Slag Remover Market
Overview of the regional outlook of the Slag Remover Market:
Key Reasons to Buy this Report:
Access to date statistics compiled by our researchers. These provide you with historical and forecast data, which is analyzed to tell you why your market is set to change
This enables you to anticipate market changes to remain ahead of your competitors
You will be able to copy data from the Excel spreadsheet straight into your marketing plans, business presentations, or other strategic documents
The concise analysis, clear graph, and table format will enable you to pinpoint the information you require quickly
Provision of market value (USD Billion) data for each segment and sub-segment
Indicates the region and segment that is expected to witness the fastest growth as well as to dominate the market
Analysis by geography highlighting the consumption of the product/service in the region as well as indicating the factors that are affecting the market within each region
Competitive landscape which incorporates the market ranking of the major players, along with new service/product launches, partnerships, business expansions, and acquisitions in the past five years of companies profiled
Extensive company profiles comprising of company overview, company insights, product benchmarking, and SWOT analysis for the major market players
The current as well as the future market outlook of the industry concerning recent developments which involve growth opportunities and drivers as well as challenges and restraints of both emerging as well as developed regions
Includes in-depth analysis of the market from various perspectives through Porter
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
1 Research Methodology and Statistical Scope
1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Slag Remover
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.2.1 Slag Remover Segment by Type
1.2.2 Slag Remover Segment by Application
1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.3.1 Research Methodology
1.3.2 Research Process
1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
1.3.4 Base Year
1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Slag Remover Market Overview
2.1 Global Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Slag Remover Market Size (M USD) Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.1.2 Global Slag Remover Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary
2.3 Global Market Size by Region
3 Slag Remover Market Competitive Landscape
3.1 Global Slag Remover Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.2 Global Slag Remover Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.3 Slag Remover Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.4 Global Slag Remover Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.5 Manufacturers Slag Remover Sales Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3.6 Slag Remover Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.6.1 Slag Remover Market Concentration Rate
3.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Slag Remover Players Market Share by Revenue
3.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 Slag Remover Industry Chain Analysis
4.1 Slag Remover Industry Chain Analysis
4.2 Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
4.3 Midstream Market Analysis
4.4 Downstream Customer Analysis
5 The Development and Dynamics of Slag Remover Market
5.1 Key Development Trends
5.2 Driving Factors
5.3 Market Challenges
5.4 Market Restraints
5.5 Industry News
5.5.1 New Product Developments
5.5.2 Mergers & Acquisitions
5.5.3 Expansions
5.5.4 Collaboration/Supply Contracts
5.6 Industry Policies
6 Slag Remover Market Segmentation by Type
6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
6.2 Global Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.3 Global Slag Remover Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.4 Global Slag Remover Price by Type (2019-2024)
7 Slag Remover Market Segmentation by Application
7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
7.2 Global Slag Remover Market Sales by Application (2019-2024)
7.3 Global Slag Remover Market Size (M USD) by Application (2019-2024)
7.4 Global Slag Remover Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
8 Slag Remover Market Segmentation by Region
8.1 Global Slag Remover Sales by Region
8.1.1 Global Slag Remover Sales by Region
8.1.2 Global Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Region
8.2 North America
8.2.1 North America Slag Remover Sales by Country
8.2.2 U.S.
8.2.3 Canada
8.2.4 Mexico
8.3 Europe
8.3.1 Europe Slag Remover Sales by Country
8.3.2 Germany
8.3.3 France
8.3.4 U.K.
8.3.5 Italy
8.3.6 Russia
8.4 Asia Pacific
8.4.1 Asia Pacific Slag Remover Sales by Region
8.4.2 China
8.4.3 Japan
8.4.4 South Korea
8.4.5 India
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.5 South America
8.5.1 South America Slag Remover Sales by Country
8.5.2 Brazil
8.5.3 Argentina
8.5.4 Columbia
8.6 Middle East and Africa
8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Slag Remover Sales by Region
8.6.2 Saudi Arabia
8.6.3 UAE
8.6.4 Egypt
8.6.5 Nigeria
8.6.6 South Africa
9 Key Companies Profile
9.1 IshikawaLite Industry
9.1.1 IshikawaLite Industry Slag Remover Basic Information
9.1.2 IshikawaLite Industry Slag Remover Product Overview
9.1.3 IshikawaLite Industry Slag Remover Product Market Performance
9.1.4 IshikawaLite Industry Business Overview
9.1.5 IshikawaLite Industry Slag Remover SWOT Analysis
9.1.6 IshikawaLite Industry Recent Developments
9.2 Haewon FM
9.2.1 Haewon FM Slag Remover Basic Information
9.2.2 Haewon FM Slag Remover Product Overview
9.2.3 Haewon FM Slag Remover Product Market Performance
9.2.4 Haewon FM Business Overview
9.2.5 Haewon FM Slag Remover SWOT Analysis
9.2.6 Haewon FM Recent Developments
9.3 KAGALITE KOGYO
9.3.1 KAGALITE KOGYO Slag Remover Basic Information
9.3.2 KAGALITE KOGYO Slag Remover Product Overview
9.3.3 KAGALITE KOGYO Slag Remover Product Market Performance
9.3.4 KAGALITE KOGYO Slag Remover SWOT Analysis
9.3.5 KAGALITE KOGYO Business Overview
9.3.6 KAGALITE KOGYO Recent Developments
9.4 FSK Foundry Materials
9.4.1 FSK Foundry Materials Slag Remover Basic Information
9.4.2 FSK Foundry Materials Slag Remover Product Overview
9.4.3 FSK Foundry Materials Slag Remover Product Market Performance
9.4.4 FSK Foundry Materials Business Overview
9.4.5 FSK Foundry Materials Recent Developments
9.5 Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy
9.5.1 Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy Slag Remover Basic Information
9.5.2 Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy Slag Remover Product Overview
9.5.3 Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy Slag Remover Product Market Performance
9.5.4 Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy Business Overview
9.5.5 Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy Recent Developments
9.6 Huijin Group
9.6.1 Huijin Group Slag Remover Basic Information
9.6.2 Huijin Group Slag Remover Product Overview
9.6.3 Huijin Group Slag Remover Product Market Performance
9.6.4 Huijin Group Business Overview
9.6.5 Huijin Group Recent Developments
9.7 Yuzhong New Materials
9.7.1 Yuzhong New Materials Slag Remover Basic Information
9.7.2 Yuzhong New Materials Slag Remover Product Overview
9.7.3 Yuzhong New Materials Slag Remover Product Market Performance
9.7.4 Yuzhong New Materials Business Overview
9.7.5 Yuzhong New Materials Recent Developments
10 Slag Remover Market Forecast by Region
10.1 Global Slag Remover Market Size Forecast
10.2 Global Slag Remover Market Forecast by Region
10.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.2 Europe Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.3 Asia Pacific Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Region
10.2.4 South America Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Slag Remover by Country
11 Forecast Market by Type and by Application (2025-2030)
11.1 Global Slag Remover Market Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Slag Remover by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.2 Global Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Slag Remover by Type (2025-2030)
11.2 Global Slag Remover Market Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
11.2.1 Global Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons) Forecast by Application
11.2.2 Global Slag Remover Market Size (M USD) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
12 Conclusion and Key Findings
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Introduction of the Type
Table 2. Introduction of the Application
Table 3. Market Size (M USD) Segment Executive Summary
Table 4. Slag Remover Market Size Comparison by Region (M USD)
Table 5. Global Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons) by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 6. Global Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 7. Global Slag Remover Revenue (M USD) by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 8. Global Slag Remover Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Slag Remover as of 2022)
Table 10. Global Market Slag Remover Average Price (USD/Ton) of Key Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 11. Manufacturers Slag Remover Sales Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Slag Remover Product Type
Table 13. Global Slag Remover Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 15. Industry Chain Map of Slag Remover
Table 16. Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
Table 17. Midstream Market Analysis
Table 18. Downstream Customer Analysis
Table 19. Key Development Trends
Table 20. Driving Factors
Table 21. Slag Remover Market Challenges
Table 22. Global Slag Remover Sales by Type (Kilotons)
Table 23. Global Slag Remover Market Size by Type (M USD)
Table 24. Global Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 25. Global Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Slag Remover Market Size (M USD) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 27. Global Slag Remover Market Size Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 28. Global Slag Remover Price (USD/Ton) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 29. Global Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons) by Application
Table 30. Global Slag Remover Market Size by Application
Table 31. Global Slag Remover Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 32. Global Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 33. Global Slag Remover Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 34. Global Slag Remover Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 35. Global Slag Remover Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Table 36. Global Slag Remover Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 37. Global Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 38. North America Slag Remover Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 39. Europe Slag Remover Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Slag Remover Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 41. South America Slag Remover Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 42. Middle East and Africa Slag Remover Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 43. IshikawaLite Industry Slag Remover Basic Information
Table 44. IshikawaLite Industry Slag Remover Product Overview
Table 45. IshikawaLite Industry Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 46. IshikawaLite Industry Business Overview
Table 47. IshikawaLite Industry Slag Remover SWOT Analysis
Table 48. IshikawaLite Industry Recent Developments
Table 49. Haewon FM Slag Remover Basic Information
Table 50. Haewon FM Slag Remover Product Overview
Table 51. Haewon FM Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 52. Haewon FM Business Overview
Table 53. Haewon FM Slag Remover SWOT Analysis
Table 54. Haewon FM Recent Developments
Table 55. KAGALITE KOGYO Slag Remover Basic Information
Table 56. KAGALITE KOGYO Slag Remover Product Overview
Table 57. KAGALITE KOGYO Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 58. KAGALITE KOGYO Slag Remover SWOT Analysis
Table 59. KAGALITE KOGYO Business Overview
Table 60. KAGALITE KOGYO Recent Developments
Table 61. FSK Foundry Materials Slag Remover Basic Information
Table 62. FSK Foundry Materials Slag Remover Product Overview
Table 63. FSK Foundry Materials Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 64. FSK Foundry Materials Business Overview
Table 65. FSK Foundry Materials Recent Developments
Table 66. Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy Slag Remover Basic Information
Table 67. Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy Slag Remover Product Overview
Table 68. Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 69. Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy Business Overview
Table 70. Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy Recent Developments
Table 71. Huijin Group Slag Remover Basic Information
Table 72. Huijin Group Slag Remover Product Overview
Table 73. Huijin Group Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 74. Huijin Group Business Overview
Table 75. Huijin Group Recent Developments
Table 76. Yuzhong New Materials Slag Remover Basic Information
Table 77. Yuzhong New Materials Slag Remover Product Overview
Table 78. Yuzhong New Materials Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 79. Yuzhong New Materials Business Overview
Table 80. Yuzhong New Materials Recent Developments
Table 81. Global Slag Remover Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 82. Global Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 83. North America Slag Remover Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 84. North America Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 85. Europe Slag Remover Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 86. Europe Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 87. Asia Pacific Slag Remover Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 88. Asia Pacific Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 89. South America Slag Remover Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 90. South America Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 91. Middle East and Africa Slag Remover Consumption Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Units)
Table 92. Middle East and Africa Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 93. Global Slag Remover Sales Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 94. Global Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 95. Global Slag Remover Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (USD/Ton)
Table 96. Global Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Table 97. Global Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (M USD)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Slag Remover
Figure 2. Data Triangulation
Figure 3. Key Caveats
Figure 4. Global Slag Remover Market Size (M USD), 2019-2030
Figure 5. Global Slag Remover Market Size (M USD) (2019-2030)
Figure 6. Global Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons) & (2019-2030)
Figure 7. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 8. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 9. Evaluation Matrix of Regional Market Development Potential
Figure 10. Slag Remover Market Size by Country (M USD)
Figure 11. Slag Remover Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 12. Global Slag Remover Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 13. Slag Remover Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2023
Figure 14. Global Market Slag Remover Average Price (USD/Ton) of Key Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 15. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Slag Remover Revenue in 2023
Figure 16. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 17. Global Slag Remover Market Share by Type
Figure 18. Sales Market Share of Slag Remover by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 19. Sales Market Share of Slag Remover by Type in 2023
Figure 20. Market Size Share of Slag Remover by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 21. Market Size Market Share of Slag Remover by Type in 2023
Figure 22. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 23. Global Slag Remover Market Share by Application
Figure 24. Global Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 25. Global Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 26. Global Slag Remover Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 27. Global Slag Remover Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 28. Global Slag Remover Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 29. Global Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Figure 30. North America Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 31. North America Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 32. U.S. Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 33. Canada Slag Remover Sales (Kilotons) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 34. Mexico Slag Remover Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 35. Europe Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 36. Europe Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 37. Germany Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 38. France Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 39. U.K. Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 40. Italy Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 41. Russia Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 44. China Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 45. Japan Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 46. South Korea Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 47. India Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 49. South America Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 50. South America Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 51. Brazil Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 52. Argentina Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 53. Columbia Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 54. Middle East and Africa Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 55. Middle East and Africa Slag Remover Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 56. Saudi Arabia Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 57. UAE Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 58. Egypt Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 59. Nigeria Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 60. South Africa Slag Remover Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 61. Global Slag Remover Sales Forecast by Volume (2019-2030) & (Kilotons)
Figure 62. Global Slag Remover Market Size Forecast by Value (2019-2030) & (M USD)
Figure 63. Global Slag Remover Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 64. Global Slag Remover Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 65. Global Slag Remover Sales Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Figure 66. Global Slag Remover Market Share Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
