This research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Telecom Cloud Billing market, focusing on the current trends, market dynamics, and future prospects. The report explores the global Telecom Cloud Billing market, including major regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and emerging markets. It also examines key factors driving the growth of Telecom Cloud Billing, challenges faced by the industry, and potential opportunities for market players.
The global Telecom Cloud Billing market has witnessed rapid growth in recent years, driven by increasing environmental concerns, government incentives, and advancements in technology. The Telecom Cloud Billing market presents opportunities for various stakeholders, including Revenue Management, Account Management. Collaboration between the private sector and governments can accelerate the development of supportive policies, research and development efforts, and investment in Telecom Cloud Billing market. Additionally, the growing consumer demand present avenues for market expansion.
The global Telecom Cloud Billing market was valued at US$ 7530.5 million in 2023 and is projected to reach US$ 30880 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 22.1% during the forecast period.
Key Features:
The research report on the Telecom Cloud Billing market includes several key features to provide comprehensive insights and facilitate decision-making for stakeholders.
Executive Summary: The report provides overview of the key findings, market trends, and major insights of the Telecom Cloud Billing market.
Market Overview: The report provides a comprehensive overview of the Telecom Cloud Billing market, including its definition, historical development, and current market size. It covers market segmentation by Type (e.g., Convergent, Prepaid), region, and application, highlighting the key drivers, challenges, and opportunities within each segment.
Market Dynamics: The report analyses the market dynamics driving the growth and development of the Telecom Cloud Billing market. The report includes an assessment of government policies and regulations, technological advancements, consumer trends and preferences, infrastructure development, and industry collaborations. This analysis helps stakeholders understand the factors influencing the Telecom Cloud Billing market's trajectory.
Competitive Landscape: The report provides an in-depth analysis of the competitive landscape within the Telecom Cloud Billing market. It includes profiles of major market players, their market share, strategies, product portfolios, and recent developments.
Market Segmentation and Forecast: The report segment the Telecom Cloud Billing market based on various parameters, such as by Type, region, and by Application. It provides market size and growth forecasts for each segment, supported by quantitative data and analysis. This helps stakeholders identify growth opportunities and make informed investment decisions.
Technological Trends: The report should highlight the key technological trends shaping the Telecom Cloud Billing market, such as advancements in Type One technology and emerging substitutes. It analyses the impact of these trends on market growth, adoption rates, and consumer preferences.
Market Challenges and Opportunities: The report identify and analyses the major challenges faced by the Telecom Cloud Billing market, such as technical bottleneck, cost limitations, and high entry barrier. It also highlights the opportunities for market growth, such as government incentives, emerging markets, and collaborations between stakeholders.
Regulatory and Policy Analysis: The report should assess the regulatory and policy landscape for Telecom Cloud Billing, including government incentives, emission standards, and infrastructure development plans. It should analyse the impact of these policies on market growth and provide insights into future regulatory developments.
Recommendations and Conclusion: The report conclude with actionable recommendations for stakeholders, such as Application One Consumer, policymakers, investors, and infrastructure providers. These recommendations should be based on the research findings and address key challenges and opportunities within the Telecom Cloud Billing market.
Supporting Data and Appendices: The report include supporting data, charts, and graphs to substantiate the analysis and findings. It also includes appendices with additional detailed information, such as data sources, survey questionnaires, and detailed market forecasts.
Market Segmentation
Telecom Cloud Billing market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2019-2030, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of value.
Market segment by Type
Convergent
Prepaid
Postpaid
Interconnect
Roaming
Market segment by Application
Revenue Management
Account Management
Customer Management
Global Telecom Cloud Billing Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2023 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Major players covered
Amdocs
Oracle
CGI Group
Ericsson
Netcracker
Tech Mahindra
Huawei
Redknee
Asiainfo
Cerillion PLC
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Telecom Cloud Billing, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Telecom Cloud Billing market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Telecom Cloud Billing company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Telecom Cloud Billing in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Telecom Cloud Billing Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Telecom Cloud Billing Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Telecom Cloud Billing Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size: 2023 VS 2030
2.2 Global Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2019-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Telecom Cloud Billing Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Telecom Cloud Billing Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Telecom Cloud Billing Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2023
3.5 Global Companies Telecom Cloud Billing Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Telecom Cloud Billing Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Telecom Cloud Billing Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Telecom Cloud Billing Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size Markets, 2023 & 2030
4.1.2 Convergent
4.1.3 Prepaid
4.1.4 Postpaid
4.1.5 Interconnect
4.1.6 Roaming
4.2 By Type - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2019-2024
4.2.2 By Type - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2025-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2023 & 2030
5.1.2 Revenue Management
5.1.3 Account Management
5.1.4 Customer Management
5.2 By Application - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2019-2024
5.2.2 By Application - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2025-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2023 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2019-2024
6.2.2 By Region - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2025-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2019-2030
6.3.2 US Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.3 Canada Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2019-2030
6.4.2 Germany Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.3 France Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.5 Italy Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.6 Russia Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2019-2030
6.5.2 China Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.3 Japan Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.6 India Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2019-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2019-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.3 Israel Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.5 UAE Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size, 2019-2030
7 Telecom Cloud Billing Companies Profiles
7.1 Amdocs
7.1.1 Amdocs Company Summary
7.1.2 Amdocs Business Overview
7.1.3 Amdocs Telecom Cloud Billing Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Amdocs Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.1.5 Amdocs Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Oracle
7.2.1 Oracle Company Summary
7.2.2 Oracle Business Overview
7.2.3 Oracle Telecom Cloud Billing Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Oracle Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.2.5 Oracle Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 CGI Group
7.3.1 CGI Group Company Summary
7.3.2 CGI Group Business Overview
7.3.3 CGI Group Telecom Cloud Billing Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 CGI Group Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.3.5 CGI Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Ericsson
7.4.1 Ericsson Company Summary
7.4.2 Ericsson Business Overview
7.4.3 Ericsson Telecom Cloud Billing Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Ericsson Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.4.5 Ericsson Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Netcracker
7.5.1 Netcracker Company Summary
7.5.2 Netcracker Business Overview
7.5.3 Netcracker Telecom Cloud Billing Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Netcracker Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.5.5 Netcracker Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Tech Mahindra
7.6.1 Tech Mahindra Company Summary
7.6.2 Tech Mahindra Business Overview
7.6.3 Tech Mahindra Telecom Cloud Billing Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Tech Mahindra Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.6.5 Tech Mahindra Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Huawei
7.7.1 Huawei Company Summary
7.7.2 Huawei Business Overview
7.7.3 Huawei Telecom Cloud Billing Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Huawei Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.7.5 Huawei Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Redknee
7.8.1 Redknee Company Summary
7.8.2 Redknee Business Overview
7.8.3 Redknee Telecom Cloud Billing Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Redknee Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.8.5 Redknee Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Asiainfo
7.9.1 Asiainfo Company Summary
7.9.2 Asiainfo Business Overview
7.9.3 Asiainfo Telecom Cloud Billing Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Asiainfo Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.9.5 Asiainfo Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Cerillion PLC
7.10.1 Cerillion PLC Company Summary
7.10.2 Cerillion PLC Business Overview
7.10.3 Cerillion PLC Telecom Cloud Billing Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Cerillion PLC Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.10.5 Cerillion PLC Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Telecom Cloud Billing Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Telecom Cloud Billing Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Telecom Cloud Billing Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Telecom Cloud Billing in Global Market
Table 5. Top Telecom Cloud Billing Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2023)
Table 6. Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 7. Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Share by Companies, 2019-2024
Table 8. Global Companies Telecom Cloud Billing Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Telecom Cloud Billing Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Telecom Cloud Billing Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 13. By Type - Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 16. By Application - Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 19. By Region - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 21. By Country - North America Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 23. By Country - Europe Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 25. By Region - Asia Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 27. By Country - South America Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 30. Amdocs Company Summary
Table 31. Amdocs Telecom Cloud Billing Product Offerings
Table 32. Amdocs Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 33. Amdocs Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Oracle Company Summary
Table 35. Oracle Telecom Cloud Billing Product Offerings
Table 36. Oracle Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 37. Oracle Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. CGI Group Company Summary
Table 39. CGI Group Telecom Cloud Billing Product Offerings
Table 40. CGI Group Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 41. CGI Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Ericsson Company Summary
Table 43. Ericsson Telecom Cloud Billing Product Offerings
Table 44. Ericsson Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 45. Ericsson Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Netcracker Company Summary
Table 47. Netcracker Telecom Cloud Billing Product Offerings
Table 48. Netcracker Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 49. Netcracker Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Tech Mahindra Company Summary
Table 51. Tech Mahindra Telecom Cloud Billing Product Offerings
Table 52. Tech Mahindra Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 53. Tech Mahindra Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Huawei Company Summary
Table 55. Huawei Telecom Cloud Billing Product Offerings
Table 56. Huawei Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 57. Huawei Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Redknee Company Summary
Table 59. Redknee Telecom Cloud Billing Product Offerings
Table 60. Redknee Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 61. Redknee Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Asiainfo Company Summary
Table 63. Asiainfo Telecom Cloud Billing Product Offerings
Table 64. Asiainfo Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 65. Asiainfo Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Cerillion PLC Company Summary
Table 67. Cerillion PLC Telecom Cloud Billing Product Offerings
Table 68. Cerillion PLC Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 69. Cerillion PLC Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Telecom Cloud Billing Segment by Type in 2023
Figure 2. Telecom Cloud Billing Segment by Application in 2023
Figure 3. Global Telecom Cloud Billing Market Overview: 2023
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Telecom Cloud Billing Market Size: 2023 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, 2019-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue in 2023
Figure 8. By Type - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 16. US Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 17. Canada Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 20. Germany Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 21. France Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 23. Italy Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 24. Russia Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 28. China Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 29. Japan Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 32. India Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 38. Israel Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 40. UAE Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 41. Amdocs Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 42. Oracle Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 43. CGI Group Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 44. Ericsson Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 45. Netcracker Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 46. Tech Mahindra Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 47. Huawei Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 48. Redknee Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 49. Asiainfo Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 50. Cerillion PLC Telecom Cloud Billing Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
