Vehicle test service is an examination to determine the technical condition or working capacity of an automobile.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Vehicle Test Services, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Vehicle Test Services. This report contains market size and forecasts of Vehicle Test Services in global, including the following market information:
Global Vehicle Test Services Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Vehicle Test Services market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Application Test Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Vehicle Test Services include AVL List GmbH, Instron, Sierra Instruments, Inc., ETAS, NTS, Actia Group, ATESTEO GmbH, IPG Automotive GmbH and Vogelsang?Benning, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Vehicle Test Services companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Vehicle Test Services Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Vehicle Test Services Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Application Test
Performance Test
Others
Global Vehicle Test Services Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Vehicle Test Services Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Passenger Car
Commercial Car
Global Vehicle Test Services Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions)
Global Vehicle Test Services Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Vehicle Test Services revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Vehicle Test Services revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
AVL List GmbH
Instron
Sierra Instruments, Inc.
ETAS
NTS
Actia Group
ATESTEO GmbH
IPG Automotive GmbH
Vogelsang?Benning
MTS
Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc.
Shanghai Vehicle Test System
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Vehicle Test Services, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Vehicle Test Services market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Vehicle Test Services company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Vehicle Test Services in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Vehicle Test Services Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Vehicle Test Services Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Vehicle Test Services Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Vehicle Test Services Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Vehicle Test Services Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Vehicle Test Services Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Vehicle Test Services Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Vehicle Test Services Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Vehicle Test Services Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Vehicle Test Services Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Vehicle Test Services Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Vehicle Test Services Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Vehicle Test Services Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Application Test
4.1.3 Performance Test
4.1.4 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Passenger Car
5.1.3 Commercial Car
5.2 By Application - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2018-2029
6.3.2 US Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.3 Canada Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.4 Mexico Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 Germany Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.3 France Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 U.K. Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Italy Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.6 Russia Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.8 Benelux Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 China Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Japan Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 South Korea Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 India Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 Brazil Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.3 Argentina Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 Turkey Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Israel Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.5 UAE Vehicle Test Services Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Vehicle Test Services Companies Profiles
7.1 AVL List GmbH
7.1.1 AVL List GmbH Company Summary
7.1.2 AVL List GmbH Business Overview
7.1.3 AVL List GmbH Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 AVL List GmbH Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 AVL List GmbH Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Instron
7.2.1 Instron Company Summary
7.2.2 Instron Business Overview
7.2.3 Instron Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Instron Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Instron Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Sierra Instruments, Inc.
7.3.1 Sierra Instruments, Inc. Company Summary
7.3.2 Sierra Instruments, Inc. Business Overview
7.3.3 Sierra Instruments, Inc. Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Sierra Instruments, Inc. Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Sierra Instruments, Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 ETAS
7.4.1 ETAS Company Summary
7.4.2 ETAS Business Overview
7.4.3 ETAS Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 ETAS Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 ETAS Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 NTS
7.5.1 NTS Company Summary
7.5.2 NTS Business Overview
7.5.3 NTS Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 NTS Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 NTS Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Actia Group
7.6.1 Actia Group Company Summary
7.6.2 Actia Group Business Overview
7.6.3 Actia Group Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Actia Group Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Actia Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 ATESTEO GmbH
7.7.1 ATESTEO GmbH Company Summary
7.7.2 ATESTEO GmbH Business Overview
7.7.3 ATESTEO GmbH Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 ATESTEO GmbH Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 ATESTEO GmbH Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 IPG Automotive GmbH
7.8.1 IPG Automotive GmbH Company Summary
7.8.2 IPG Automotive GmbH Business Overview
7.8.3 IPG Automotive GmbH Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 IPG Automotive GmbH Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 IPG Automotive GmbH Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Vogelsang?Benning
7.9.1 Vogelsang?Benning Company Summary
7.9.2 Vogelsang?Benning Business Overview
7.9.3 Vogelsang?Benning Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Vogelsang?Benning Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Vogelsang?Benning Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 MTS
7.10.1 MTS Company Summary
7.10.2 MTS Business Overview
7.10.3 MTS Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 MTS Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 MTS Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc.
7.11.1 Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc. Company Summary
7.11.2 Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc. Business Overview
7.11.3 Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc. Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc. Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Shanghai Vehicle Test System
7.12.1 Shanghai Vehicle Test System Company Summary
7.12.2 Shanghai Vehicle Test System Business Overview
7.12.3 Shanghai Vehicle Test System Vehicle Test Services Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Shanghai Vehicle Test System Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Shanghai Vehicle Test System Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Vehicle Test Services Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Vehicle Test Services Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Vehicle Test Services Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Vehicle Test Services in Global Market
Table 5. Top Vehicle Test Services Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Vehicle Test Services Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Vehicle Test Services Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Vehicle Test Services Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Application ? Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 15. By Application - Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Vehicle Test Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 17. By Region ? Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 18. By Region - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 20. By Country - North America Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 22. By Country - Europe Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Asia Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - South America Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 30. AVL List GmbH Company Summary
Table 31. AVL List GmbH Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 32. AVL List GmbH Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. AVL List GmbH Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Instron Company Summary
Table 35. Instron Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 36. Instron Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Instron Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Sierra Instruments, Inc. Company Summary
Table 39. Sierra Instruments, Inc. Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 40. Sierra Instruments, Inc. Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Sierra Instruments, Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. ETAS Company Summary
Table 43. ETAS Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 44. ETAS Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. ETAS Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. NTS Company Summary
Table 47. NTS Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 48. NTS Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. NTS Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Actia Group Company Summary
Table 51. Actia Group Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 52. Actia Group Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Actia Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. ATESTEO GmbH Company Summary
Table 55. ATESTEO GmbH Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 56. ATESTEO GmbH Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. ATESTEO GmbH Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. IPG Automotive GmbH Company Summary
Table 59. IPG Automotive GmbH Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 60. IPG Automotive GmbH Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. IPG Automotive GmbH Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Vogelsang?Benning Company Summary
Table 63. Vogelsang?Benning Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 64. Vogelsang?Benning Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Vogelsang?Benning Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. MTS Company Summary
Table 67. MTS Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 68. MTS Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. MTS Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc. Company Summary
Table 71. Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc. Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 72. Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc. Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Shanghai Vehicle Test System Company Summary
Table 75. Shanghai Vehicle Test System Vehicle Test Services Product Offerings
Table 76. Shanghai Vehicle Test System Vehicle Test Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. Shanghai Vehicle Test System Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Vehicle Test Services Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Vehicle Test Services Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Vehicle Test Services Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Vehicle Test Services Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Vehicle Test Services Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 9. By Application - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Application - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 14. By Region - Global Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Country - North America Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. US Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 17. Canada Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 18. Mexico Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. Germany Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 21. France Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 22. U.K. Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 23. Italy Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Russia Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. Benelux Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. China Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. Japan Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. South Korea Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. India Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. By Country - South America Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 34. Brazil Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. Argentina Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Vehicle Test Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. Turkey Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Israel Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. UAE Vehicle Test Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. AVL List GmbH Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Instron Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Sierra Instruments, Inc. Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. ETAS Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. NTS Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Actia Group Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. ATESTEO GmbH Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. IPG Automotive GmbH Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Vogelsang?Benning Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. MTS Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc. Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Shanghai Vehicle Test System Vehicle Test Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
