The global Widebody Aircraft MRO market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
Aircraft MRO is crucial for sustaining and extending the life of widebody aircraft. It consists of maintenances, overhauls, routine checks, repairs, and modifications carried out on widebody aircraft and their components. MRO services assure the safety and airworthiness of the aircraft. Commercial aircraft MRO includes engine overhaul, component MRO, line maintenance, and heavy maintenance.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Widebody Aircraft MRO, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Widebody Aircraft MRO. This report contains market size and forecasts of Widebody Aircraft MRO in global, including the following market information:
- Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2030, ($ millions)
- Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The high demand for wide-body aircraft MRO's is due to the growth in the for long-haul routes with higher traffic, usually connecting international destinations. Many new wide-body aircraft MRO centres have been set up in numerous countries in recent years. This increases the participation of OEMs in the field of wide-body aircraft MRO service. Moreover, the growing demand for wide-body aircraft MRO equipment's that satisfy the demand for aircraft fleet expansion. The rapid aircraft fleet expansion along with the increased focus of OEMs on providing aircraft MRO is expected to result in an increase in aircraft MRO expenses and as well as it is expected to add to the growth of the market.
We surveyed the Widebody Aircraft MRO companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
- Engine MRO
- Airframe and Modification
- Line Maintenance
- Component MRO
Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
- Military
- Commercial
- Others
Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions)
Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
- North America
- US
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Russia
- Nordic Countries
- Benelux
- Rest of Europe
- Asia
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- Southeast Asia
- India
- Rest of Asia
- South America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Rest of South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- Israel
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Widebody Aircraft MRO revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Widebody Aircraft MRO revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
- GE Aviation
- Honeywell Aerospace
- Lufthansa Technik
- United Technologies
- Rolls-Royce Holdings
- Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies
- AFI KLM E&M
- MTU Aero Engines
- Singapore Technologies Aerospace
Outline of Major Chapters:
- Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Widebody Aircraft MRO, market overview.
- Chapter 2: Global Widebody Aircraft MRO market size in revenue.
- Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Widebody Aircraft MRO company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
- Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
- Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
- Chapter 6: Sales of Widebody Aircraft MRO in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
- Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
- Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Widebody Aircraft MRO Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Widebody Aircraft MRO Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Widebody Aircraft MRO Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Widebody Aircraft MRO Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Widebody Aircraft MRO Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Widebody Aircraft MRO Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Engine MRO
4.1.3 Airframe and Modification
4.1.4 Line Maintenance
4.1.5 Component MRO
4.2 By Type - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Military
5.1.3 Commercial
5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2018-2030
6.3.2 US Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.3 Canada Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 Germany Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.3 France Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Italy Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.6 Russia Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 China Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Japan Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 India Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Israel Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.5 UAE Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Widebody Aircraft MRO Companies Profiles
7.1 GE Aviation
7.1.1 GE Aviation Company Summary
7.1.2 GE Aviation Business Overview
7.1.3 GE Aviation Widebody Aircraft MRO Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 GE Aviation Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 GE Aviation Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Honeywell Aerospace
7.2.1 Honeywell Aerospace Company Summary
7.2.2 Honeywell Aerospace Business Overview
7.2.3 Honeywell Aerospace Widebody Aircraft MRO Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Honeywell Aerospace Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Honeywell Aerospace Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Lufthansa Technik
7.3.1 Lufthansa Technik Company Summary
7.3.2 Lufthansa Technik Business Overview
7.3.3 Lufthansa Technik Widebody Aircraft MRO Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Lufthansa Technik Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Lufthansa Technik Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 United Technologies
7.4.1 United Technologies Company Summary
7.4.2 United Technologies Business Overview
7.4.3 United Technologies Widebody Aircraft MRO Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 United Technologies Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 United Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Rolls-Royce Holdings
7.5.1 Rolls-Royce Holdings Company Summary
7.5.2 Rolls-Royce Holdings Business Overview
7.5.3 Rolls-Royce Holdings Widebody Aircraft MRO Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Rolls-Royce Holdings Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Rolls-Royce Holdings Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies
7.6.1 Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Company Summary
7.6.2 Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Business Overview
7.6.3 Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Widebody Aircraft MRO Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 AFI KLM E&M
7.7.1 AFI KLM E&M Company Summary
7.7.2 AFI KLM E&M Business Overview
7.7.3 AFI KLM E&M Widebody Aircraft MRO Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 AFI KLM E&M Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 AFI KLM E&M Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 MTU Aero Engines
7.8.1 MTU Aero Engines Company Summary
7.8.2 MTU Aero Engines Business Overview
7.8.3 MTU Aero Engines Widebody Aircraft MRO Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 MTU Aero Engines Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 MTU Aero Engines Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Singapore Technologies Aerospace
7.9.1 Singapore Technologies Aerospace Company Summary
7.9.2 Singapore Technologies Aerospace Business Overview
7.9.3 Singapore Technologies Aerospace Widebody Aircraft MRO Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Singapore Technologies Aerospace Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Singapore Technologies Aerospace Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Widebody Aircraft MRO in Global Market
Table 5. Top Widebody Aircraft MRO Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Widebody Aircraft MRO Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Widebody Aircraft MRO Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Widebody Aircraft MRO Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 30. GE Aviation Company Summary
Table 31. GE Aviation Widebody Aircraft MRO Product Offerings
Table 32. GE Aviation Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. GE Aviation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Honeywell Aerospace Company Summary
Table 35. Honeywell Aerospace Widebody Aircraft MRO Product Offerings
Table 36. Honeywell Aerospace Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Honeywell Aerospace Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Lufthansa Technik Company Summary
Table 39. Lufthansa Technik Widebody Aircraft MRO Product Offerings
Table 40. Lufthansa Technik Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Lufthansa Technik Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. United Technologies Company Summary
Table 43. United Technologies Widebody Aircraft MRO Product Offerings
Table 44. United Technologies Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. United Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Rolls-Royce Holdings Company Summary
Table 47. Rolls-Royce Holdings Widebody Aircraft MRO Product Offerings
Table 48. Rolls-Royce Holdings Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Rolls-Royce Holdings Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Company Summary
Table 51. Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Widebody Aircraft MRO Product Offerings
Table 52. Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. AFI KLM E&M Company Summary
Table 55. AFI KLM E&M Widebody Aircraft MRO Product Offerings
Table 56. AFI KLM E&M Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. AFI KLM E&M Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. MTU Aero Engines Company Summary
Table 59. MTU Aero Engines Widebody Aircraft MRO Product Offerings
Table 60. MTU Aero Engines Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. MTU Aero Engines Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Singapore Technologies Aerospace Company Summary
Table 63. Singapore Technologies Aerospace Widebody Aircraft MRO Product Offerings
Table 64. Singapore Technologies Aerospace Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Singapore Technologies Aerospace Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Widebody Aircraft MRO Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Widebody Aircraft MRO Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. US Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 17. Canada Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. Germany Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. France Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 23. Italy Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Russia Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. China Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Japan Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. India Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Israel Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. UAE Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. GE Aviation Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Honeywell Aerospace Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Lufthansa Technik Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. United Technologies Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Rolls-Royce Holdings Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. AFI KLM E&M Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. MTU Aero Engines Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Singapore Technologies Aerospace Widebody Aircraft MRO Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
